Bentonite
Also known as: montmorillonite clay, calcium bentonite, sodium bentonite, bentonite clay, Bentonite
Overview
Bentonite is a naturally occurring clay primarily composed of the smectite mineral montmorillonite, formed from the weathering of volcanic ash. Known for its high absorbency and binding properties, bentonite is commonly used as a dietary supplement and feed additive. Its applications include detoxifying agents in human health and mycotoxin binders in animal feed. Research on bentonite is moderate to high, with numerous studies investigating its efficacy for enhancing gastrointestinal health and growth performance among animals, especially in the presence of mycotoxin contamination. Bentonite is available in various forms, principally sodium and calcium bentonite, and although considered safe for typical use, prolonged high doses may lead to potential mineral imbalances.
Benefits
Bentonite has shown several evidence-based benefits. In a meta-analysis of 31 studies involving broiler chickens, bentonite significantly improved growth metrics such as body weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency, while also reducing mortality rates in contaminated diets (p < 0.001). Newly weaned pigs have benefited from the addition of bentonite in their diets, leading to enhanced growth performance, immune response, and gut integrity under challenges from mycotoxins like fumonisin and aflatoxin. Its toxin-binding capability effectively reduces harmful effects of mycotoxins. Moreover, bentonite supports gastrointestinal health by improving digestive enzyme activity and water absorption, promoting better nutrient utilization overall.
How it works
Bentonite works primarily by binding mycotoxins such as aflatoxin B1 in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby reducing their absorption and toxicity. This binding action enhances nutrient absorption efficiency by improving water retention and digestive enzyme activity. Additionally, bentonite's interaction with the gastrointestinal system helps modulate immune responses and reduces oxidative stress, further supporting overall health.
Side effects
Bentonite is generally regarded as safe when used appropriately. Common side effects are uncommon, with no significant adverse reactions reported at typical usage levels. In rare cases, gastrointestinal upset may occur if large quantities are consumed. Long-term high-dose use can influence mineral balances negatively; for example, studies indicate that extended use in dwarf goats reduced magnesium concentrations in blood and liver tissues. While no documented drug interactions exist, owing to its binding properties, bentonite may potentially hinder the absorption of certain nutrients or medications, so caution is advised for concurrent use with such substances. No specific contraindications are noted, but individuals with severe gastrointestinal issues or those on medication should consult with healthcare professionals prior to use.
Dosage
The minimum effective dose of bentonite for animal feed is typically between 0.5% and 2% of the diet. For optimal results, particularly in broiler chickens, studies suggest dosages from 1% to 3% to enhance health and performance, supported by empirical meta-analytical data. No upper limit is definitively established; however, doses exceeding 5% may risk mineral imbalances. Bentonite should be included continuously in the diets of animals exposed to mycotoxin-contaminated feeds. Both sodium and calcium bentonite forms are commonly used, with similar efficacies. Although bentonite acts locally in the gastrointestinal tract and is not absorbed, sufficient water intake is recommended to promote its binding capability.
FAQs
How does bentonite work in the body?
Bentonite binds to toxins like mycotoxins in the gastrointestinal tract, reducing their absorption and toxicity.
Is bentonite safe for long-term use?
Generally safe, but prolonged high doses may affect mineral balances.
Can bentonite interact with other medications?
It may impact the absorption of nutrients or medications, caution is advised.
What are the expected results of using bentonite in animal feed?
Improved growth performance, feed efficiency, and reduced mortality rates under mycotoxin exposure.
Research Sources
- https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1877543 – This meta-analysis evaluates bentonite's effectiveness in broiler chickens, confirming significant improvements in feed efficiency, weight gain, and reduced mortality, establishing a linear correlation between bentonite levels and growth metrics.
- https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/7/433 – This study investigates a feed additive containing bentonite and yeast in newly weaned pigs, highlighting enhanced growth performance and immune status under dietary mycotoxin challenges, providing robust evidence for its efficacy.
- https://f1000research.com/articles/13-790 – An experimental study revealing the potential long-term effects of high bentonite doses in dwarf goats, indicating reduced magnesium levels, thus emphasizing the need for cautious high-dose administration.
