Bupleurum Chinense Extract
Also known as: Bupleurum chinense DC., Chaihu, Bupleurum, Bupleuri radix, Bupleurum chinense
Overview
Bupleurum chinense extract is derived from the root of the *Bupleurum chinense* plant, a cornerstone herb in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). It is primarily utilized for its purported benefits in supporting liver health, modulating immune responses, addressing respiratory infections, and potentially alleviating symptoms of mood disorders like depression. While it can be found in various forms, it is most commonly incorporated into multi-herb formulations rather than used as a standalone ingredient. Research on *Bupleurum chinense* has progressed from preclinical investigations to clinical trials, with recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses evaluating its efficacy and safety, particularly within the context of Chinese proprietary medicines. However, robust clinical evidence for its isolated use remains limited, and most findings stem from studies involving combination therapies.
Benefits
Bupleurum chinense exhibits several potential health benefits, primarily when used in combination with other herbs. A systematic review and network meta-analysis indicated that *Bupleurum chinense* combined with *Paeonia lactiflora* (Chaihu-Baishao pair) significantly improved depression-like symptoms in animal models by modulating 16 depression-related biomarkers involved in neuronal apoptosis and neurotransmitter receptor activity. While human clinical data on depression are sparse, some herbal formulas containing Bupleurum show promise. For respiratory tract infections, a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessed *Bupleuri radix* for acute uncomplicated respiratory tract infections (ARTIs), suggesting potential efficacy and safety, though detailed quantitative outcomes were not fully reported. The herb's multi-component, multi-target, and multi-systemic actions, influencing neuronal apoptosis, immune response, and liver function, underpin its diverse traditional applications. The strength of evidence for isolated Bupleurum is generally low to moderate, with stronger evidence for its use in specific traditional formulations.
How it works
*Bupleurum chinense* exerts its effects through a complex interplay of bioactive compounds, primarily saikosaponins. These compounds are believed to modulate various biological pathways, including those related to neuronal apoptosis, estradiol response, apoptotic signaling, and G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activity. This multi-target action may contribute to its observed antidepressant and neuroprotective effects. Saikosaponins have also demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and hepatoprotective properties in preclinical studies. Network pharmacology approaches suggest that the herb's efficacy stems from the synergistic interactions between its multiple bioactive constituents and various molecular targets within the body, reflecting the holistic nature of botanical medicines.
Side effects
Overall, *Bupleurum chinense* appears to have a favorable safety profile, particularly when used in traditional formulations. Common side effects are not extensively documented in high-quality clinical trials but are generally considered mild based on its long history of traditional use. No significant drug interactions or contraindications have been conclusively identified in rigorous clinical studies. Safety data from systematic reviews on respiratory infections and depression-related formulations support its tolerability, but more comprehensive reporting of adverse events is needed. While generally considered safe, individuals with pre-existing liver conditions or those on medications should consult a healthcare professional before use, as its effects on liver function are complex and context-dependent. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should also exercise caution due to limited safety data.
Dosage
Specific dosing recommendations for isolated *Bupleurum chinense* extract are not well-established in scientific literature. Traditional formulations containing Bupleurum vary widely in dosage and preparation methods, including granules, capsules, and decoctions. Clinical trials often utilize proprietary medicines with standardized Bupleurum content, but exact optimal doses and regimens for specific conditions require further clarification. For instance, in traditional Chinese medicine, dosages can range from 3 to 9 grams of the dried root per day in decoctions, but this can vary significantly based on the specific formula and individual needs. Due to the lack of standardized dosing for isolated extract, it is advisable to follow the instructions on specific supplement products or consult with a qualified healthcare practitioner experienced in herbal medicine.
FAQs
Is Bupleurum effective alone or only in combination?
Most clinical evidence supports its efficacy when used in combination with other herbs, particularly *Paeonia lactiflora* for depression and in multi-herb formulas for respiratory infections. Its isolated use has limited research backing.
Is it safe for long-term use?
Traditional use suggests safety, but robust long-term clinical data on isolated *Bupleurum chinense* extract are limited. It's advisable to consult a healthcare professional for prolonged use.
How soon can benefits be expected?
Animal studies show biomarker modulation with chronic treatment, but human clinical timelines for observing benefits are not well-defined and can vary based on the condition and individual.
Are there any known drug interactions?
No significant drug interactions have been conclusively identified in high-quality clinical trials. However, due to its multi-target effects, caution is advised, especially with medications affecting liver function or the central nervous system.
Research Sources
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.773537/full – This systematic review and network meta-analysis investigated the antidepressant effects of Chinese proprietary medicines containing *Bupleurum chinense*. It found that Chaihu-containing products, especially with *Paeonia lactiflora*, significantly improved depression-like symptoms in animal models by modulating 16 depression-related biomarkers, highlighting its multi-target mechanisms.
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9019785/ – This article, likely a follow-up or related publication to the Frontiers in Pharmacology study, further details the findings regarding the antidepressant effects of *Bupleurum chinense* and its combinations. It emphasizes the modulation of neuronal apoptosis and neurotransmitter receptor activity as key mechanisms.
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.787084/full – This systematic review of randomized controlled trials assessed the efficacy and safety of *Bupleuri radix* for acute uncomplicated respiratory tract infections (ARTIs). It evaluated the evidence quality using GRADE and planned subgroup analyses, indicating its potential in treating ARTIs, though detailed quantitative outcomes were not fully reported in the summary.
- https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/integrative-medicine/herbs/bupleurum – This narrative review from MSKCC Integrative Medicine provides an overview of Bupleurum, suggesting potential antiviral, hepatoprotective, and antidepressant effects based largely on preclinical data and traditional use. It highlights the lack of high-quality clinical evidence for isolated Bupleurum and its primary use in combination formulas.
Supplements Containing Bupleurum Chinense Extract

Release the Exterior Teapills
Plum Flower

Bupleurum Dragonbone Oyster Shell Teapills
Plum Flower

Long Dan Xie Gan Wan
Min Shan

Soothe Liver Teapills
Plum Flower

Stasis In The Mansion of Blood Teapills
Plum Flower

Xiao Chai Hu Wan
Min Shan

Xiao Yao Wan
Min Shan

Major Bupleurum Teapills
Plum Flower

Four Pillars Teapills
Plum Flower

Xiao Chai Hu Teapills
Plum Flower

The Snake Of The Dragon Teapills
Plum Flower