Chaste Tree Berry Fruit Extract
Also known as: Chaste Tree, Monk's Pepper, Abraham's Balm, Vitex agnus-castus
Overview
Vitex agnus-castus, commonly known as Chaste Tree, is a herbal remedy traditionally used for addressing various women's health issues, particularly those related to the menstrual cycle. The plant is native to the Mediterranean region, and its dried fruit is used to create extracts with notable bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, and iridoids. Research has established moderate to high evidence regarding its effectiveness in treating premenstrual syndrome (PMS), menstrual irregularities, and some infertility issues. Typically available in the form of capsules or tablets, the extracts are recognized for their potential to influence the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, thereby promoting hormonal balance. While the safety profile is generally favorable, caution is advised for specific populations.
Benefits
Vitex agnus-castus has demonstrated several evidence-based benefits, particularly in women's health. Key findings from a systematic review indicate significant relief from PMS symptoms, with a moderate to large effect size (SMD -0.58). Additionally, a randomized controlled trial showed improved menstrual cycle regularity and a noteworthy increase in conception rates among women with luteal phase defects (33.3% compared to 7.1% on placebo). While there is emerging data suggesting positive impacts on mood symptoms associated with PMS, this evidence is less robust. Overall, women with PMS or fertility concerns related to luteal phase defects are likely to benefit the most from this herbal extract.
How it works
The mechanism through which Vitex agnus-castus exerts its effects primarily involves modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The extract is believed to influence neurotransmitter levels, particularly serotonin and dopamine, leading to alterations in prolactin secretion. This action promotes hormonal balance and alleviates symptoms related to PMS and menstrual irregularities. While specific molecular targets are not fully identified, the extract is understood to interact with various hormone and neurotransmitter receptors in the body.
Side effects
Vitex agnus-castus is generally deemed safe but may incur minor side effects in a subset of users. Common adverse effects reported (over 5% incidence) include gastrointestinal upset, headaches, and dizziness. Less frequent (1-5%) reactions may involve allergic responses or skin rashes; however, no significant rare side effects (under 1%) have been documented. Potential drug interactions exist, particularly with dopamine antagonists and medications that influence the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, which warrants caution. The extract is contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to insufficient safety data. Additionally, caution is advised for individuals with pre-existing psychiatric disorders or those on serotonergic and dopaminergic drugs.
Dosage
The typical recommended dosage for Vitex agnus-castus ranges from 500 to 2000 mg of dried fruit extract per day, with a minimum effective dose usually cited at around 500 mg. Standardized extracts containing 0.6% aucubin or comparable bioactive levels are preferred. Dosing higher than 2000 mg per day has not been extensively studied, warranting cautious evaluation of higher limits. For optimal benefits, it is best taken in the morning to support hormonal regulation throughout the day. Absorption may be enhanced when consumed with food, and the commonly used forms include capsules or tablets.
FAQs
Is Vitex agnus-castus safe for long-term use?
Generally considered safe when used as directed, but it's best to avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to safety concerns.
How long does it take to see results?
Users may notice improvements in PMS symptoms and menstrual regularity within a few cycles of treatment.
Can I take it if I'm on medications for depression?
Caution is advised as it may interact with medications affecting serotonin and dopamine levels.
Does it replace hormone therapy?
No, it modulates hormonal balance rather than serving as a hormone replacement therapy.
What form is best for taking Vitex agnus-castus?
Capsules or tablets containing dried fruit extract are common and convenient for supplementation.
Research Sources
- https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005448.pub3 – This systematic review assessed the effectiveness of Vitex agnus-castus for PMS, involving 17 trials with over 1761 women. Key findings suggest significant reduction in symptoms. Methodologically sound, it provides high-quality evidence but acknowledges variability in study quality.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8358133 – In a randomized controlled trial, 93 women with luteal phase defect showed improvements in menstrual regularity and higher conception rates after using Vitex agnus-castus over three months. The study highlights its potential for managing fertility-related issues.
- https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.322.7279.134 – This randomized controlled trial focused on the effects of Vitex agnus-castus on PMS symptoms in 217 women. The results indicated significant symptom mitigation compared to a placebo over three cycles, validating its utility in managing PMS.
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