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Clove Bud Extract

Also known as: Syzygium aromaticum, Clove, Clove Bud, Clovinol (standardized polyphenolic extract)

Overview

Clove bud extract is derived from the buds of the *Syzygium aromaticum* tree, native to the Maluku Islands in Indonesia. It is a rich source of polyphenols, especially eugenol, which is responsible for its medicinal properties. Traditionally, it has been used for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. Modern applications include alleviating alcohol-related side effects, antioxidant activities, and potential antitoxin properties. The extract is characterized by its high concentration of polyphenolic compounds, particularly eugenol, contributing to its bioactive properties. Research on clove bud extract is moderately mature, with several studies focusing on its bioactive properties, but more comprehensive and large-scale trials are needed to fully establish its efficacy and safety profile. Available evidence includes randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses, although some studies have relatively small sample sizes.

Benefits

Clove bud extract offers several evidence-based benefits. A randomized, double-blinded crossover study showed that clove bud polyphenols (Clovinol) significantly reduced hangover severity by 55.34% in social drinkers, decreased oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6, and enhanced glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels compared to placebo. A meta-analysis of in vitro studies demonstrated that extracts and essential oils from *Syzygium aromaticum* have significant antimicrobial capacity, although effectiveness varies based on extract dose and other factors. Additionally, clove bud extract exhibits strong antioxidant activity in vitro, scavenging free radicals in DPPH and ABTS assays. The reduction in hangover severity is clinically significant, indicating a substantial benefit for individuals experiencing hangover symptoms, with improvements observed within hours after consumption.

How it works

Clove bud polyphenols, particularly eugenol, act through multiple biological pathways. These include antioxidant pathways, where they scavenge free radicals and enhance antioxidant enzymes like glutathione and superoxide dismutase. They also engage anti-inflammatory pathways, reducing inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein and interleukin-6. Furthermore, they exhibit antimicrobial pathways, inhibiting bacterial growth by disrupting cell membranes and interfering with bacterial metabolism. Clove bud polyphenols interact with the liver, immune system, and cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms. Eugenol and other polyphenols target various molecular pathways involved in inflammation, oxidation, and microbial growth. While the bioavailability of clove bud polyphenols is not extensively studied, observed effects suggest absorption and activity within a few hours of consumption.

Side effects

Clove bud extract is generally considered safe when used in moderate amounts. Common side effects have not been reported in reviewed studies, but potential gastrointestinal discomfort or allergic reactions are possible. Uncommon and rare side effects are not documented in the reviewed studies. Potential drug interactions may occur with blood thinners and other medications due to its antiplatelet properties, though this is not extensively studied. Contraindications include pregnancy and breastfeeding due to limited safety data in these populations. Caution is advised for individuals with allergies to spices or those taking medications that may interact with eugenol. It is important to monitor for any adverse reactions and discontinue use if they occur.

Dosage

The minimum effective dose of a standardized polyphenolic extract of clove buds (Clovinol) is 250 mg per day, shown to be effective in reducing hangover symptoms. Optimal dosage ranges are not well established, but the studied dose of 250 mg per day appears effective. The maximum safe dose is not defined in the reviewed studies, but higher doses may increase the risk of side effects. For hangover prevention, it is best taken before or immediately after alcohol consumption. Capsule or tablet forms are commonly used. Bioavailability may be enhanced with food, but this has not been specifically studied. No required cofactors are documented.

FAQs

Is clove bud extract safe?

Clove bud extract is generally safe, but individuals should be cautious about potential allergic reactions or interactions with medications. Discontinue use if adverse reactions occur.

When should I take clove bud extract?

For hangover prevention, take the extract before or immediately after alcohol consumption to mitigate symptoms effectively.

What results can I expect?

Expect a significant reduction in hangover symptoms, including decreased oxidative stress and inflammation, based on clinical studies.

Is clove bud extract a hangover cure?

No, it is not a cure for hangovers but rather a supplement to alleviate symptoms by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.

Research Sources

https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/jmf.2017.4177 – This randomized, double-blinded crossover study with 16 male social drinkers found that clove bud polyphenols significantly reduced hangover severity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers. The study highlights the potential of clove bud extract in alleviating alcohol-related side effects, though the small sample size is a limitation.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30234415/ – This study investigates the effects of clove bud polyphenols on alcohol-related side effects. The research indicates a significant reduction in hangover severity and oxidative stress, suggesting clove bud extract's potential in mitigating alcohol's adverse effects.
https://f1000research.com/articles/13-790 – This resource provides insights into the antimicrobial capacity of clove bud extract. The meta-analysis of in vitro studies demonstrates significant antimicrobial activity against various bacteria, highlighting the need for standardized methods to ensure consistent results.
https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/6/1265 – This in vitro study assesses the antioxidant activity of clove bud extract using DPPH and ABTS assays. The findings reveal strong antioxidant properties, supporting the extract's potential in scavenging free radicals, though the in vitro nature limits direct applicability to human health.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2023/3245210 – This study provides additional evidence for the antioxidant properties of clove bud extract. The research supports the extract's role in reducing oxidative stress, further validating its potential health benefits.