Flavones And Related Phenolic Compounds
Also known as: Flavone, Flavones, Dietary Polyphenols, Flavonoid (subclass)
Overview
Flavones are a subclass of flavonoids, which are polyphenolic compounds found naturally in various plant-based foods like fruits, vegetables, and herbs. They are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Common examples include apigenin and luteolin. Flavones are primarily used for their potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties. They are also studied for their effects on cardiovascular health and cognitive function. Flavones modulate molecular pathways involved in inflammation and oxidative stress. Research on flavones is extensive, with numerous studies examining their effects on various health conditions. The evidence base includes systematic reviews and meta-analyses, which provide strong support for the biological activities of flavones. However, clinical trials often have limitations, such as small sample sizes and variability in dosing, so more research is needed to fully understand their efficacy in humans.
Benefits
Flavones exhibit anti-inflammatory effects, reducing markers like TNF-α in animal models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A systematic review with meta-analysis showed significant reduction in histological scores in IBD animal models (SMD = -2.66, 95% CI (-3.77, -1.95), P < 0.00001). They may also support cognitive health by potentially reducing cognitive decline; a systematic review indicated that higher intake of flavonoids is associated with better cognitive function and lower odds of cognitive decline. Flavones may have beneficial effects on skeletal muscle health by modulating mitochondrial pathways. Additionally, they have been associated with a reduced risk of certain cancers, although evidence is mixed. The benefits of flavones may vary across populations, with potential advantages for individuals at risk of cognitive decline or those with inflammatory conditions.
How it works
Flavones act through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways, influencing macrophage polarization and inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome. They interact with the immune system by modulating inflammatory responses and may also affect the cardiovascular system by improving vascular function. Flavones target various molecular pathways, including those involved in inflammation (e.g., TNF-α) and oxidative stress. The bioavailability of flavones can vary depending on the specific compound and dietary context. They modulate molecular pathways implicated in mitochondrial myopathy, potentially benefiting skeletal muscle health.
Side effects
Generally, flavones are considered safe when consumed in typical dietary amounts. However, high doses may cause gastrointestinal side effects in some individuals. Uncommon side effects are not well-documented, but they may include allergic reactions. Rare side effects are not well-documented but could potentially include severe allergic reactions. Flavones may interact with certain medications, such as blood thinners, due to their antioxidant properties. There are no specific contraindications, but individuals with allergies to plant-based foods should exercise caution. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult healthcare providers before using flavone supplements. It is important to note that flavones are not a substitute for medical treatment and should be used under the guidance of a healthcare provider.
Dosage
The minimum effective dose varies depending on the specific flavone and condition being treated. Optimal dosages are not well-established and may depend on the specific health condition. There is no established maximum safe dose, but high doses should be approached with caution. Timing may depend on the specific health goal, such as taking with meals to enhance absorption. Forms like capsules or extracts may be more bioavailable than whole foods. Absorption can be influenced by dietary factors and the presence of other polyphenols. There are no specific cofactors required for flavone absorption. More research is needed to establish clear dosage guidelines for specific health conditions.
FAQs
Are flavones safe?
Flavones are generally safe but may interact with certain medications. Consult with a healthcare provider before use, especially if you have existing health conditions or are taking medications.
When should I take flavones?
Timing may vary based on the specific health goal. Taking flavones with meals may enhance absorption. Follow the recommendations of your healthcare provider or the product label.
What results can I expect from taking flavones?
Benefits can vary depending on the condition and individual response. Flavones are not a cure-all and should be used as part of a comprehensive health plan under professional guidance.
Are flavones a substitute for medical treatment?
No, flavones are not a substitute for medical treatment. They should be used as a complementary approach under the guidance of a healthcare provider.
Research Sources
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39422746/ – A systematic review with meta-analysis found that natural flavonoids, including flavones, exhibit therapeutic effects against IBD by reducing inflammation and improving histological scores. The study highlights the potential of flavones in managing IBD symptoms, but notes limitations including variability in study quality and potential publication bias.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35394826/ – Flavonoids, including flavones, have been shown to modulate molecular pathways implicated in mitochondrial myopathy, potentially benefiting skeletal muscle health. This study suggests that flavones could play a role in improving muscle health by targeting mitochondrial function, but it lacks clinical trials to confirm these effects in humans.
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/mnfr.202300472 – A systematic review indicated that higher intake of flavonoids is associated with better cognitive function and lower odds of cognitive decline. The review suggests a potential link between flavonoid consumption and cognitive health, but emphasizes the need for more longitudinal studies to confirm these findings.
- https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/20/12605 – This study investigates the role of flavones and other flavonoids in macrophage polarization and the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome, highlighting their anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The research provides insights into how flavones can modulate immune responses, but further studies are needed to translate these findings into clinical applications.
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mnfr.201600930 – This review discusses the potential of flavones and other flavonoids in cancer prevention and treatment, noting their antioxidant and anti-proliferative properties. The review acknowledges that while preclinical studies show promise, clinical evidence is still limited and more research is needed to determine their efficacy in humans.
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