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Fresh Lemon Balm Aerial Parts Extract

Also known as: Lemon balm, balm mint, Fresh Lemon Balm Aerial Parts Extract, Melissa officinalis L.

Overview

Fresh Lemon Balm Aerial Parts Extract is derived from the above-ground parts (leaves, stems, flowers) of Melissa officinalis, a perennial herb in the Lamiaceae family. It is traditionally used for its calming, anxiolytic, and digestive properties. The extract contains bioactive compounds such as essential oils (citral, citronellal), phenolic acids (rosmarinic acid), flavonoids, and triterpenes. Research on lemon balm is moderately mature, with several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews focusing on its effects on mood disorders and cognitive function. However, variability in extract composition and dosing complicates interpretation of results. It is primarily recognized for its potential to alleviate anxiety, depression, and improve sleep quality.

Benefits

Lemon balm extract has demonstrated several evidence-based benefits: - **Anxiety and Depression:** A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) found that lemon balm extract significantly reduced anxiety (standardized mean difference [SMD]: -0.98; 95% CI: -1.63 to -0.33; p=0.003) and depressive symptoms (SMD: -0.47; 95% CI: -0.73 to -0.21; p=0.0005) compared to placebo, without serious side effects. This suggests a strong evidence base for its use in mild-to-moderate mood disorders. - **Sleep Quality:** Clinical trials report improved sleep quality, longer sleep duration, and reduced sleep latency with lemon balm extract (e.g., 240 mg daily for 2 weeks) in adults with mild-to-moderate insomnia. This benefit is supported by moderate quality clinical evidence. - **Anthelmintic Activity:** In vitro studies have shown strong anthelmintic effects of lemon balm aerial part extracts, particularly the volatile oil fraction, against parasitic worms (Pheretima posthuma). While promising, this evidence is preliminary and requires human trials. - **Glycemic Control:** Animal studies indicate hydroalcoholic extracts of lemon balm may reduce serum glucose levels and improve pancreatic beta-cell function in diabetic models. However, human data are currently lacking, limiting the strength of this claim.

How it works

The anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of lemon balm are primarily attributed to rosmarinic acid and essential oils. These compounds modulate GABAergic neurotransmission, which helps to calm the central nervous system. They also inhibit enzymes like acetylcholinesterase, further enhancing neurochemical balance. The anthelmintic activity is linked to volatile oils disrupting parasite neuromuscular function, though the precise molecular targets are still being investigated. Additionally, phenolic compounds in lemon balm contribute to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which may offer neuroprotective and metabolic benefits. Bioavailability can vary significantly depending on the extract type, with standardized extracts showing more consistent effects.

Side effects

Overall, lemon balm extract is well tolerated, with no serious adverse events reported in clinical trials. Common side effects are rare and typically mild, potentially including mild gastrointestinal discomfort or allergic reactions, occurring in less than 5% of users. No significant drug interactions have been definitively documented. However, caution is advised when combining lemon balm with sedatives or thyroid medications due to the potential for additive effects. Individuals with a known allergy to plants in the Lamiaceae family should avoid lemon balm. The safety of lemon balm during pregnancy and lactation has not been well established, and its use in these populations is not recommended without medical supervision. It is important to consult a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are taking other medications.

Dosage

Effective doses of standardized lemon balm extract in clinical trials for mood and sleep range from 240 mg to 1000 mg daily. The efficacy is often linked to the standardization of rosmarinic acid content (e.g., 4.88 mg/g phenolics). The form of the extract (hydroalcoholic, essential oil) and its phytochemical standardization are crucial factors influencing its effectiveness. For acute effects, treatment durations in studies typically range from 2 to 4 weeks. Longer-term safety and efficacy beyond this period require further research. It is advisable to start with a lower dose and gradually increase as needed, under the guidance of a healthcare professional, to assess individual tolerance and response. Always adhere to the manufacturer's instructions for specific products.

FAQs

Is lemon balm extract safe for long-term use?

Current evidence supports the short-term safety of lemon balm extract; however, data on its long-term use are limited. Consult a healthcare professional for extended use.

Can lemon balm be used alone for anxiety or insomnia?

Evidence suggests efficacy for mild-to-moderate anxiety and insomnia. For more severe conditions, or if symptoms persist, combination with other treatments or professional medical advice may be necessary.

Does fresh extract differ from dried or essential oil forms?

Yes, fresh aerial parts contain a broader spectrum of phytochemicals. Essential oils have concentrated volatile compounds, which may result in distinct effects and potencies compared to other forms.

How quickly can benefits be expected?

Improvements in anxiety and sleep have been observed within 2 to 4 weeks of consistent use in clinical studies. Individual responses may vary.

Research Sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34449930/ – This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials found that Melissa officinalis significantly reduced anxiety (SMD: -0.98) and depressive symptoms (SMD: -0.47) compared to placebo, without serious side effects. The study suggests lemon balm is an effective and safe intervention for mood disorders, though heterogeneity among studies was noted.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11510126/ – This source reviews clinical trials and reports that lemon balm extract, in doses ranging from 240 mg to 1000 mg daily, improved sleep quality, increased sleep duration, and reduced sleep latency in adults with mild-to-moderate insomnia. It also highlights the anxiolytic effects and the importance of extract standardization.
https://www.biotech-asia.org/vol21no4/in-vitro-anthelmintic-activity-of-crude-extracts-of-melissa-officinalis-against-pheretima-posthuma/ – This in vitro study demonstrated strong anthelmintic activity of crude extracts of Melissa officinalis, particularly the volatile oil fraction, against the parasitic worm Pheretima posthuma. The findings support the traditional use of lemon balm for parasitic infections, providing preliminary evidence for its bioactivity.
https://publish.kne-publishing.com/index.php/JNFS/article/download/16888/15808/ – This animal study investigated the effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of Melissa officinalis on glycemic control in diabetic models. It indicated that the extract might reduce serum glucose levels and improve pancreatic beta-cell function, suggesting potential benefits for diabetes management, though human data are needed.