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Gambir Stem Extract

Also known as: Gambir, Gambier, *Uncaria gambir* Roxb.

Overview

*Uncaria gambir* is a tropical plant native to Southeast Asia, particularly Indonesia, traditionally utilized in herbal medicine. The plant is recognized for its rich content of flavonoids, tannins, and other phytochemicals that provide diverse pharmacological properties. Traditionally, it is employed for its anti-inflammatory effects, antioxidant capabilities, and to treat health issues such as sore throat and gum problems. While the research into *Uncaria gambir* is emerging, it has garnered attention for its potential therapeutic benefits, particularly in managing inflammatory conditions. However, the majority of existing studies are preclinical or involve small-scale human trials, with a limited number of systematic reviews available.

Benefits

The primary documented benefit of *Uncaria gambir* is its potent antioxidant activity, with studies noting DPPH radical scavenging activities between 92-93%, suggesting significant free radical scavenging potential. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory properties are indicated by its ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-1, which may have implications for conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, it has shown potential anti-diabetic effects through the inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme, which could benefit individuals with high blood sugar. However, specific effect sizes and clinical significance in human studies require further investigation.

How it works

*Uncaria gambir* exerts its beneficial effects primarily through its phytochemical components, such as flavonoids and tannins, which provide antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals. This mechanism helps to mitigate oxidative stress within the body. Furthermore, it may modulate inflammatory responses by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, contributing to its potential use in inflammatory diseases. Although its absorption and bioavailability have not been extensively studied, these biological pathways suggest a multifaceted approach to mitigating inflammation and oxidative damage.

Side effects

While *Uncaria gambir* is generally regarded as safe, comprehensive toxicological studies are lacking. No common or rare side effects are well-documented, indicating a need for caution in its use due to insufficient data. Potential drug interactions may arise, particularly with diabetes medications because of its α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. It is advised that pregnant or breastfeeding women seek medical advice prior to use due to the absence of safety data. Without more extensive human trials or safety assessments, the overall risk profile and side effects remain uncertain and warrant further exploration.

Dosage

Currently, the minimum effective dose and optimal dosage ranges for *Uncaria gambir* have not been established due to a lack of rigorous studies. Maximum safe doses are also not defined, making dosing guidelines unclear. While it is commonly consumed in the form of an extract, specific recommendations regarding timing and administration are unavailable. Further research is necessary to understand absorption factors and determine required cofactors, as well as to establish dosing parameters that might maximize potential benefits while ensuring safety.

FAQs

Is *Uncaria gambir* safe for everyone?

While generally considered safe, individuals should consult a healthcare provider before use, especially those on medications or with underlying conditions.

How does *Uncaria gambir* help with inflammation?

*Uncaria gambir* may help reduce inflammation by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, potentially benefiting conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.

What are the common uses of *Uncaria gambir*?

It is primarily used for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, often for sore throats, gum issues, and inflammation.

Can *Uncaria gambir* interact with medications?

Yes, it may interact with diabetes medications, so caution is advised when taking it alongside other treatments.

What should I know about its long-term use?

There is limited data on long-term use, and safety has not been thoroughly established in larger populations.

Research Sources

https://www.tjpr.org/admin/12389900798187/2020_19_8_28.pdf – This review discusses the phytochemical composition and pharmacological properties of *Uncaria gambir*, highlighting its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential anti-diabetic effects while noting the limitations of human trial data.
https://libraryinfo.bhs.org/systematicreviews – A narrative review focusing on the anti-inflammatory effects of *Uncaria gambir*, indicating that catechins may inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines and suggesting benefits for rheumatoid arthritis patients.
https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/134155 – The study reviews the therapeutic potential of *Uncaria gambir* in experimental animal models, revealing effectiveness in treating pain, edema, and lesions, although human data remain scarce.
https://jmla.pitt.edu/ojs/jmla/article/download/246/1489 – This systematic review highlights the pharmacological effects of *Uncaria gambir*, emphasizing its biological activities against various health issues, yet calling for further clinical studies to substantiate findings.
https://seejim.eu/index.php/seejim/article/view/6055 – A comprehensive exploration of *Uncaria gambir*’s health benefits, noting its potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant roles while highlighting the need for additional research in human populations.