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Guarana Standardized Extract

Also known as: Guarana, Brazilian cocoa, guarana seed extract, Paullinia cupana

Overview

Guarana is a plant extract derived from the seeds of *Paullinia cupana*, native to the Amazon Basin. Traditionally used as an energy source, it's now found in dietary supplements and energy drinks. Guarana contains caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine. It's primarily used to enhance energy, improve cognitive function, and alleviate fatigue. Research on guarana is growing, but the quality of evidence varies. It is available in various forms, including capsules, powders, and as an ingredient in beverages. Guarana's effects are mainly attributed to its caffeine content, which is higher than that of coffee.

Benefits

Guarana is primarily known for its potential to enhance energy and reduce fatigue. A meta-analysis indicated a significant benefit in alleviating cancer-related fatigue (SMD = -0.77), although another review found no significant difference compared to placebo. Additionally, guarana may improve cognitive performance by slightly reducing response time during cognitive tasks. Secondary benefits include potential anti-inflammatory and pain-relief properties, though more research is needed. These benefits are primarily attributed to guarana's caffeine content and other bioactive compounds. The effects are observed within hours of ingestion due to its stimulant properties.

How it works

Guarana primarily works through its caffeine content, which acts as an adenosine receptor antagonist, enhancing alertness and energy. This mechanism blocks adenosine receptors in the brain, reducing feelings of fatigue and increasing wakefulness. Other bioactive compounds in guarana may contribute to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The absorption and bioavailability of guarana's active compounds are influenced by its caffeine content, which is higher than in coffee, potentially leading to a more sustained release of energy.

Side effects

Guarana is generally considered safe when consumed in moderation, but it can cause side effects due to its caffeine content. Common side effects include insomnia, anxiety, and jitters. Uncommon side effects (1-5%) may include increased heart rate and blood pressure changes. Rare side effects (less than 1%) can include seizures in extreme cases of caffeine toxicity. Guarana may interact with stimulant medications, enhancing their effects or increasing the risk of side effects, and it may also interact with blood thinners. It is contraindicated in pregnancy and breastfeeding due to high caffeine intake, and individuals with severe anxiety or insomnia should use it with caution. Children and adolescents should avoid guarana due to potential effects on developing brains and bodies. Sensitive individuals should monitor caffeine intake to avoid adverse effects.

Dosage

For cognitive effects, dosages of 37.5 to 500 mg of guarana extract (containing 4.3 to 100 mg of caffeine) have been used. For energy and fatigue, a typical dosage is 100 to 200 mg of guarana extract per day. It's important not to exceed 400 mg of caffeine per day from all sources. Guarana should be avoided before bedtime to prevent insomnia. Capsules and powders are common forms, but standardized extracts are recommended for consistent effects. Bioavailability is influenced by caffeine content and individual sensitivity. Adequate hydration is recommended when taking guarana.

FAQs

Is Guarana Safe for Daily Use?

Guarana is generally safe for daily use if caffeine intake is monitored. Gradual cessation is recommended if discontinuing to avoid potential withdrawal symptoms.

How Does Guarana Compare to Caffeine?

Guarana contains more caffeine than coffee and may have additional bioactive effects, potentially leading to a more sustained energy release.

Can Guarana Help with Cognitive Function?

Acute ingestion of guarana may improve response time but not accuracy in cognitive tasks, according to some studies.

Research Sources

https://www.scielo.br/j/ramb/a/QSn5BCHPWD3QC8RLnRVVr4h/?lang=en – This systematic review with meta-analysis examined the effects of guarana on cancer-related fatigue in 229 patients. The key finding was that guarana significantly alleviated cancer-related fatigue, suggesting a potential benefit for cancer patients. However, the study noted high heterogeneity among the included studies, indicating variability in the results.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34146166/ – This systematic review with meta-analysis investigated the effects of guarana on fatigue in 427 cancer patients. The key finding was that there was no significant difference compared to placebo in reducing cancer-related fatigue. The authors noted that the quality of evidence was very low, suggesting caution in interpreting the results.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36678305/ – This systematic review with meta-analysis assessed the impact of guarana on cognitive performance in 328 participants. The key finding was that guarana had a small effect on response time but not accuracy in cognitive tasks. The authors noted mixed results across studies, indicating variability in the cognitive effects of guarana.
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/guarana-benefits – This article from Medical News Today provides an overview of the potential benefits of guarana, including its antioxidant and cognitive-enhancing properties. It highlights the traditional uses of guarana and its caffeine content as key factors contributing to its effects. The article also mentions potential side effects and precautions associated with guarana consumption.
https://intapi.sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/gp-2019-0015 – This research explores the potential health benefits of guarana, focusing on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It discusses the bioactive compounds present in guarana and their potential mechanisms of action. The study suggests that guarana may have a role in promoting overall health and well-being due to its diverse pharmacological effects.