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Hedera helix Extract

Also known as: Hedera helix L., English ivy, common ivy, ivy leaf extract, Hedera helix

Overview

Hedera helix extract is a botanical supplement derived from the leaves of the English ivy plant. It is traditionally used and scientifically studied for its efficacy in treating respiratory conditions, particularly cough and bronchitis. The extract is commonly available as a standardized dry extract, such as EA 575®, for oral administration. Its therapeutic effects are primarily attributed to its content of saponins and flavonoids. Research on Hedera helix extract is well-established, with numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews supporting its use for acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) and cough relief. While the evidence quality is generally good, some studies may exhibit heterogeneity or potential publication bias, especially those sponsored by manufacturers. It is widely recognized for its ability to reduce cough intensity and frequency.

Benefits

Hedera helix extract offers significant benefits primarily for respiratory health. Its main effect is a substantial reduction in the intensity and frequency of cough associated with acute respiratory infections, including viral upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and bronchitis. Meta-analyses have demonstrated its superiority over placebo, leading to clinically meaningful symptom relief and faster recovery times. It also aids in improving mucus clearance and expectoration, thereby contributing to enhanced respiratory function. The extract is effective in both adults and children experiencing acute cough due to URTIs. Specifically, the standardized EA 575® extract has shown statistically significant symptom reduction, achieving the highest clinical evidence class (Ia) in some meta-analyses. Symptom relief and accelerated recovery are typically observed within days of initiating treatment.

How it works

The therapeutic actions of Hedera helix extract are primarily mediated by its saponin content. These saponins stimulate beta-2 adrenergic receptors located in the respiratory tract. This stimulation leads to bronchodilation, which helps to widen the airways, and an increase in mucociliary clearance, facilitating the removal of mucus from the lungs. Beyond direct bronchodilation, the extract may also exert anti-inflammatory effects, contributing to a reduction in airway irritation. The oral bioavailability of the extract is sufficient to achieve clinical effects, and standardized formulations like EA 575® ensure consistent dosing and efficacy.

Side effects

Hedera helix extract is generally well tolerated, with a safety profile comparable to placebo in clinical trials. The most common side effects, occurring in more than 5% of users, include mild gastrointestinal discomfort and occasional skin reactions. Uncommon side effects, observed in 1-5% of individuals, are rare allergic reactions. Serious adverse events are extremely rare, with none reported in high-quality clinical trials. There are no significant drug interactions documented with Hedera helix extract. The primary contraindication is a known allergy to ivy or related plants. While safe for use in both children and adults, data regarding its safety in pregnant or lactating women are limited, and caution is advised in these populations.

Dosage

For optimal efficacy, standardized dry extract EA 575® is typically dosed at 35-70 mg of saponins per day, usually divided into two or three doses. Clinical trials commonly utilize a standardized daily dose equivalent to 70 mg of saponins. There is no established maximum safe dose, as doses used in trials have been well tolerated. The extract is administered orally, and it is often recommended to take it with meals to minimize potential gastrointestinal discomfort. Using standardized dry extract formulations is crucial for ensuring consistent saponin content and therapeutic effect. No specific cofactors are required for absorption, as oral bioavailability is adequate.

FAQs

Is Hedera helix extract safe for children?

Yes, clinical trials have included pediatric populations and consistently report good safety and efficacy for children experiencing acute cough due to respiratory infections.

How quickly does it work?

Symptom improvement, particularly cough relief, typically begins within a few days of starting treatment with Hedera helix extract.

Can it replace antibiotics?

No, Hedera helix extract is indicated for symptomatic relief in viral respiratory infections and should not be used as a substitute for antibiotics in bacterial infections.

Are there any concerns about long-term use?

Data primarily support the short-term use of Hedera helix extract during acute respiratory episodes. Long-term safety data are limited, and it is generally not recommended for prolonged continuous use.

Research Sources

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2957147/ – This systematic review by Holzinger et al. (2010) analyzed multiple clinical trials on Hedera helix extract for cough relief in URTIs. It found high improvement rates, often exceeding 90%, supporting efficacy. However, it noted heterogeneity among studies and potential manufacturer bias, preventing a meta-analysis but advocating for standardized outcome measures in future research.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-24393-1 – Völp et al. (2022) conducted a meta-analysis of two double-blind RCTs involving approximately 200 adults with acute respiratory tract infections. The study demonstrated a significant reduction in cough intensity and faster recovery with EA 575® compared to placebo, with comparable tolerability. A limitation noted was that both studies originated from the same research group.
https://worldnaturopathicfederation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/The-effects-of-Hedera-helix-on-viral-respiratory-infections-in-humans.pdf – This rapid review by Barnes et al. (2020) from the World Naturopathic Federation summarized evidence for Hedera helix in viral respiratory infections. It concluded that preparations, including EA 575®, are effective for alleviating symptoms of cough and bronchitis, supporting its use in these conditions.
https://www.efsm.online/int_en/article-overview/108/2023/promoted-to-the-highest-evidence-class-meta-analysis-supports-the-evidence-for-ea-575-r-in-treating-acute-cough – A summary from EFSM (2023) highlights that a meta-analysis elevated EA 575® to the highest evidence class (Ia). This classification is based on meta-analytical findings demonstrating its superiority over placebo across all studied parameters, including patient-reported outcomes, for treating acute cough.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33523253/ – Sierocinski et al. (2021) published a review confirming the safety and efficacy of ivy leaf extract for acute cough caused by URTIs and bronchitis in both adult and pediatric populations. This review reinforces the established role of Hedera helix extract in symptomatic relief for these common respiratory conditions.