Norway Spruce Lignan Extract
Also known as: Norway spruce lignan extract, knotwood lignan extract, hydroxymatairesinol extract, Picea abies L. Karst. Lignan Extract
Overview
Norway spruce lignan extract is derived from the knotwood of *Picea abies*, a tree species commonly known as Norway spruce. This extract is particularly rich in lignans, which are a type of phenolic compound with potential biological activity. The primary active constituents are hydroxymatairesinols (HMR1 and HMR2), which can comprise a significant portion of the extract's dry weight. Research into this extract has primarily focused on its potential antifungal properties, particularly against grapevine trunk disease (GTD) pathogens, and its promising anticancer effects, especially in prostate cancer models. While chemical characterization and mechanistic studies are detailed, human clinical data are currently limited, and no specific systematic reviews or meta-analyses exist for this extract in humans.
Benefits
The extract demonstrates significant antifungal activity, inhibiting major grapevine trunk disease (GTD) fungal pathogens by 30–100% in vitro at 1 mg/mL. In planta studies showed a reduction in fungal abundance in treated grapevines by 70–77% for up to 180 days, suggesting its potential as a biocontrol agent in agriculture. Furthermore, animal studies have indicated anticancer potential; dietary hydroxymatairesinol reduced tumor volume by over 70% and increased apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells by up to 360% in mice. While general dietary lignans have been associated with reduced cancer risk in broader epidemiological meta-analyses, specific clinical evidence for Norway spruce lignans in humans is still emerging.
How it works
Norway spruce lignans, predominantly hydroxymatairesinols, are believed to exert their effects through multiple mechanisms. In cancer models, they appear to act as antioxidants and induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cancer cells, thereby contributing to tumor suppression. The antifungal action likely involves direct inhibition of fungal growth or interference with fungal cellular structures, as evidenced by its efficacy against grapevine pathogens. As polyphenolic compounds, lignans may also modulate oxidative stress pathways and influence hormone metabolism. However, specific molecular targets and detailed pathways for Norway spruce lignans require further investigation. Lignans typically undergo metabolism by gut microbiota into enterolignans, which are then absorbed and mediate systemic effects.
Side effects
Based on the available research, no significant safety concerns or adverse effects have been reported for Norway spruce lignan extract. Animal studies investigating its anticancer effects did not indicate toxicity at the doses administered. However, it is crucial to note that human safety data are currently lacking. Due to the absence of clinical trials, the tolerability, potential adverse reactions, and long-term safety in humans have not been established. There are no documented drug interactions or contraindications specific to this extract. Caution is advised, and further human clinical research is necessary to fully assess its safety profile before widespread human consumption.
Dosage
Currently, there are no standardized human dosing guidelines for Norway spruce lignan extract due to the limited number of clinical trials. In animal cancer models, effective doses corresponded to dietary supplementation, but direct human equivalent doses have not been established. For antifungal applications, in vitro studies showed efficacy at 1 mg/mL extract concentration, and in planta dosing protocols are still experimental. Without human clinical data, it is not possible to recommend specific dosage ranges, timing considerations, or upper safety limits for human use. Any potential use should be approached with caution and under professional guidance.
FAQs
Is Norway spruce lignan extract effective for cancer prevention in humans?
Current evidence is limited to promising animal models and broader epidemiological associations with dietary lignans. No clinical trials in humans have confirmed its efficacy for cancer prevention.
Can it be used as an antifungal treatment in agriculture?
Yes, preliminary in vitro and in planta studies support its potential as a biocontrol agent against grapevine trunk diseases, showing significant inhibition of fungal pathogens.
Is it safe to consume as a supplement?
Safety in humans is not well studied. While animal data suggest low toxicity, clinical safety data, including potential side effects and interactions, are needed before it can be widely recommended for human consumption.
How quickly do benefits appear?
Antifungal effects in plants were observed within days to months. In animal models, anticancer effects were observed over several weeks. Human response times are unknown.
Research Sources
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7411943/ – This study provides a detailed chemical characterization of Norway spruce knotwood, identifying 15 lignans, with hydroxymatairesinols being the predominant ones. It quantifies their presence and localization, offering foundational data on the extract's composition.
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9025846/ – This research demonstrates the antifungal activity of Norway spruce lignan extract against grapevine trunk disease pathogens. It shows significant inhibition in vitro and a reduction in fungal abundance in treated grapevine plants, suggesting its potential as a biocontrol agent.
- https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2008/1/report_lignans – This report summarizes an animal study where hydroxymatairesinol lignan reduced prostate tumor volume by over 70% and increased apoptosis by 360% in mice. It highlights the promising anticancer potential of these lignans, though it is a secondary source.
- https://www.doria.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/177298/ahlnas_toveann.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y – This meta-analysis examines the association between dietary lignans and cancer risk across multiple epidemiological studies. It suggests a general link between lignan intake and reduced cancer risk, providing broader context for the potential benefits of Norway spruce lignans, though not specific to the extract.
Recommended Articles
Herbal Boosters & COVID-19 Antivirals: Safe Mix?
Herbal supplements may interact with COVID-19 antivirals, requiring careful consideration and further research.
Top Immune Support Ingredients: What Works?
Vitamin D, zinc, and echinacea are key ingredients in immune support supplements, backed by scientific evidence.
Top Anti-Inflammatory Supplement Ingredients
Curcumin, omega-3 fatty acids, CBD, and Vitamin D are proven to effectively reduce chronic inflammation.
Best Supplements for Cortisol Reduction: A Scientific Guide
Adaptogens like Ashwagandha and Rhodiola, along with Phosphatidylserine, are effective in reducing cortisol levels, supported by scientific studies.