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Organic Grape

Also known as: Grape seed extract (GSE), Grape polyphenols, Vitis vinifera L., Vitis vinifera

Overview

Grape seed extract (GSE) is derived from the seeds of grapes (*Vitis vinifera* L.) and is a rich source of polyphenols, particularly oligomeric and monomeric proanthocyanidins. It is primarily used for its potential health benefits, including reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and improving cardiovascular health. GSE's high concentration of polyphenolic compounds contributes to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Research on GSE is moderately mature, with several systematic reviews and meta-analyses available, providing moderate to high-quality evidence supporting its beneficial effects. It is available in various forms, including capsules, powders, and beverages.

Benefits

GSE supplementation has been shown to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. Studies indicate a significant decrease in malondialdehyde (SMD: -1.04, 95% CI: -1.65, -0.42) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (SMD: -0.44, 95% CI: -0.75, -0.13). Additionally, GSE reduces high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (WMD: -0.48 mg/L, 95% CI: -0.94, -0.03) and C-reactive protein (SMD: -0.229, 95% CI: -0.41, -0.05). It may also positively modulate blood pressure and reduce perceived stress in healthy volunteers. Patients with conditions like type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases may experience significant reductions in CRP levels. Benefits are more pronounced with higher doses (>500 mg/day) and longer intervention periods (≥12 weeks).

How it works

GSE's mechanism of action primarily involves its polyphenolic content, which inhibits lipid peroxidation and reduces oxidative stress. It modulates inflammatory pathways by reducing CRP levels. GSE interacts with the cardiovascular system by improving endothelial function and reducing blood pressure. The polyphenols in GSE target various molecular pathways involved in lipid peroxidation and inflammation. While the bioavailability of GSE polyphenols can vary, they are generally absorbed and exert systemic effects throughout the body.

Side effects

GSE is generally considered safe when consumed in recommended doses. There is limited data on common, uncommon, and rare side effects, but it is typically well-tolerated. Caution should be exercised when using GSE with anticoagulant medications due to its potential antiplatelet effects. Individuals with allergies to grapes or grape products should avoid GSE. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult healthcare providers before using GSE due to limited research in these populations. No significant drug interactions are well-established, but monitoring is advised when taken with other medications.

Dosage

While the minimum effective dose is not well-established, benefits have been observed with doses as low as 100-200 mg/day of polyphenols. Higher doses (>500 mg/day) and longer durations (≥12 weeks) appear to have more significant effects on CRP levels and oxidative stress markers. There is no established maximum safe dose, but doses up to 1,000 mg/day have been used in studies without significant adverse effects. Consistent daily intake is likely beneficial. GSE can be consumed in various forms, including capsules, powders, and beverages, with bioavailability potentially varying depending on the form. No specific cofactors are required for its efficacy.

FAQs

Is GSE safe to use?

GSE is generally safe, but individuals should be cautious if they have allergies or are taking anticoagulant medications. Consulting with a healthcare provider is always recommended.

When is the best time to take GSE?

There is no specific timing recommendation, but daily consistent intake is advised to maintain stable levels of its active compounds in the body.

What results can I expect from taking GSE?

Users can expect reductions in oxidative stress and inflammation markers, as well as potential improvements in cardiovascular health with consistent use.

Are there any misconceptions about GSE?

Some studies suggest inconsistent effects on CRP levels, but overall, the evidence supports beneficial effects on oxidative stress and inflammation.

Research Sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34107109/ – This systematic review and meta-analysis, including 23 studies, found that GSE significantly reduces malondialdehyde, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels, indicating its effectiveness in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. The study provides strong evidence for GSE's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties based on a comprehensive analysis of available research.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32921322/ – This meta-analysis of 17 RCTs with 668 participants showed that GSE significantly decreases CRP levels, especially with higher doses (>500 mg/day) and longer durations (≥12 weeks). The findings suggest that GSE is effective in reducing inflammation, particularly when administered at appropriate dosages and durations.
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/article/effect-of-grape-products-containing-polyphenols-on-creactive-protein-levels-a-systematic-review-and-metaanalysis-of-randomised-controlled-trials/59C5DC9AEC42490227F9CE5B8C35D87B – This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the effect of grape products containing polyphenols on C-reactive protein levels. The analysis of randomized controlled trials provides evidence supporting the anti-inflammatory effects of grape polyphenols, contributing to the understanding of their potential health benefits.
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/2/654 – This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on healthy volunteers demonstrated that GSE positively modulates blood pressure and reduces perceived stress. The study highlights GSE's potential benefits for cardiovascular health and stress management, providing evidence from a well-designed clinical trial.