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Peony Root Extract

Q: Is peony root extract safe for long-term use?

Generally safe within recommended doses, but long-term safety data are limited. Monitoring for interactions is advised.

Q: Can peony root extract replace hormone therapy for menopause?

It may reduce menopausal symptoms via phytoestrogens but is not a direct substitute for prescribed hormone therapy. Consultation with healthcare providers is recommended.

Q: How soon can benefits be expected?

Symptom improvement typically occurs within weeks to months of regular use.

Q: Does peony root extract cause hormonal side effects?

It has mild estrogenic activity, so hormonal side effects are possible, especially when combined with other estrogenic drugs.

Q: Can peony root extract be used with antidepressants?

Caution is advised due to serotonergic effects; interactions are not well studied.

Also known as: Paeonia lactiflora, Paeonia × suffruticosa, White Peony Root, Peony Root Extract, Chinese Peony, Moutan Peony

Overview

Peony root extract is derived from the roots of *Paeonia lactiflora* and *Paeonia × suffruticosa*, plants used in traditional Chinese medicine. The extract contains bioactive compounds, primarily paeoniflorin, a monoterpene glycoside, which contributes to its pharmacological effects. It has been traditionally used for menopausal symptoms, anxiety, depression, arthritis, and skin health. Modern research explores its estrogenic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and neuroprotective properties. Peony root extract contains phytoestrogens, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, and compounds affecting neurotransmitter systems. Research maturity is moderate, with several RCTs and meta-analyses existing, particularly for menopausal symptoms and juvenile idiopathic arthritis, but more large-scale human trials are needed. Evidence includes systematic reviews and meta-analyses with some RCTs meeting quality criteria, though many studies are limited by sample size or lack of replication outside Asia.

Benefits

Peony root extract offers several evidence-based benefits. It provides relief from menopausal symptoms due to its phytoestrogen content, which mimics estrogen, reducing hot flashes and vaginal dryness. A 2019 systematic review indicated that Chinese herbal formulas including white peony root have effects comparable to menopausal hormone therapy. It also benefits children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), as a systematic review and meta-analysis reported that total glycosides of peony significantly reduced arthritis symptoms, improving clinical outcomes with statistical significance (p < 0.05). Animal studies suggest antidepressant and anxiolytic effects, as paeoniflorin inhibits serotonin transporter (SERT), potentially reducing anxiety and depression symptoms. Paeoniflorin may also modulate the gut microbiome by increasing beneficial gut probiotics and exhibits analgesic effects via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways.

How it works

Peony root extract's benefits stem from several biological pathways. Phytoestrogens in peony root bind to estrogen receptors, modulating hormonal activity. Paeoniflorin inhibits the serotonin transporter (SERT), increasing synaptic serotonin levels, which contributes to mood regulation. Additionally, the extract's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects reduce cytokine production and oxidative stress. It interacts with the endocrine system through its estrogenic effects, the nervous system via serotonergic modulation, and the immune system through its anti-inflammatory properties. Molecular targets include estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ), the serotonin transporter (SERT), and inflammatory mediators like the NF-κB pathway. Paeoniflorin is absorbed orally, but its bioavailability may be limited; metabolism and gut microbiota interactions influence its efficacy.

Side effects

Peony root extract is generally considered safe when used in traditional doses, but caution is advised due to potential interactions. Common side effects include mild gastrointestinal discomfort. Uncommon side effects may include allergic reactions or skin rash. Rare side effects include an increased bleeding risk when combined with anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs. Drug interactions include potentiation of anticoagulants, potentially increasing bleeding risk; reduction of phenytoin levels, potentially increasing seizure risk; and interactions with estrogen-containing contraceptives and hormone therapies, altering their effects. It may also interact with drugs metabolized by liver enzymes CYP1A2 and CYP3A4. It should be used cautiously in patients on blood thinners or hormone therapies. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should avoid it due to estrogenic effects and a lack of safety data.

Dosage

The minimum effective dose varies by extract and condition; clinical trials on arthritis used total glycosides of peony at doses around 600 mg/day. Optimal dosage ranges typically fall between 600–1200 mg/day of standardized extract in divided doses, depending on the formulation and indication. The maximum safe dose is not well established, and doses above clinical trial levels should be approached cautiously. Consistent daily dosing is recommended, with benefits accruing over weeks. Standardized extracts with known paeoniflorin content are preferred for consistency. Bioavailability may be enhanced with food, and gut microbiome status may influence metabolism. No specific cofactors are required.

FAQs

Is peony root extract safe for long-term use?

Generally safe within recommended doses, but long-term safety data are limited. Monitoring for interactions is advised.

Can peony root extract replace hormone therapy for menopause?

It may reduce menopausal symptoms via phytoestrogens but is not a direct substitute for prescribed hormone therapy. Consultation with healthcare providers is recommended.

How soon can benefits be expected?

Symptom improvement typically occurs within weeks to months of regular use.

Does peony root extract cause hormonal side effects?

It has mild estrogenic activity, so hormonal side effects are possible, especially when combined with other estrogenic drugs.

Can peony root extract be used with antidepressants?

Caution is advised due to serotonergic effects; interactions are not well studied.

Research Sources

https://www.healthline.com/health/white-peony-root – This article provides a general overview of white peony root, discussing its traditional uses and potential health benefits. It highlights its use in traditional Chinese medicine and its potential to alleviate symptoms related to inflammation and hormonal imbalances.
https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-32/peony – This WebMD page offers information on peony as a supplement, including its uses, potential side effects, and interactions. It notes that peony is used for conditions like gout, osteoarthritis, and viral infections, but emphasizes the need for more scientific evidence to support these uses.
https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/23/3379 – This is a research article that likely delves into the chemical composition, pharmacological activities, and potential therapeutic applications of peony extracts. It could provide insights into the mechanisms of action and the specific compounds responsible for its effects.
https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/biol-2022-0905/html?lang=en – This research paper likely explores the biological activities of peony root extract, possibly focusing on its effects on specific cellular pathways or physiological processes. It could provide detailed information on how peony extract interacts with the body at a molecular level.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/13880209.2011.602696 – This article likely investigates the use of peony root extract in treating specific health conditions, potentially focusing on its efficacy and safety in clinical trials. It could offer evidence-based insights into the therapeutic potential of peony extract for various ailments.