Phellinus Linteus Mushroom
Also known as: Phellinus linteus, Sanghwang, Meshimakobu, Song Gen, Black Hoof Fungus
Overview
Phellinus linteus is a medicinal mushroom traditionally used in East Asia, particularly in Korean, Japanese, and Chinese medicine. It grows primarily on mulberry trees and is characterized by its polypore structure. The mushroom contains bioactive compounds, notably polysaccharides and protein-polysaccharide complexes, which are believed to contribute to its health benefits. Phellinus linteus is available in various forms, including extracts, powders, and capsules, and is often consumed as a dietary supplement. Research suggests potential immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties, although more extensive clinical trials are needed to confirm these effects. It is considered an adaptogen, helping the body to resist stressors.
Benefits
Phellinus linteus demonstrates potential benefits primarily related to immune function and anticancer activity. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (n=98) showed a statistically significant increase in natural killer (NK) cell activity compared to a placebo group (p < 0.05) after 8 weeks of supplementation, suggesting an enhanced immune response. Epidemiological and in vitro studies also indicate potential anticancer effects, including tumor regression in case reports, but these findings require further validation through robust clinical trials. The mushroom also exhibits antioxidant activity and may modulate cytokine production by immune cells. These benefits may be more pronounced in individuals with weakened immunity or those seeking adjunctive cancer support, but the evidence remains preliminary.
How it works
Phellinus linteus exerts its effects through several biological pathways. Primarily, it modulates the immune system by activating natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages, and B-cells. This activation leads to the induction of cytokine production, enhancing the body's immune response. Additionally, it exhibits direct antitumor effects by inducing apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cancer cells and inhibiting angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels that feed tumors). The polysaccharides and protein complexes in Phellinus linteus interact with immune cell receptors, modulating gene expression related to cell proliferation and apoptosis. While polysaccharides are generally poorly absorbed, they may exert effects via gut-associated lymphoid tissue.
Side effects
Phellinus linteus is generally considered safe for oral consumption, with no significant adverse effects on liver or renal function reported in clinical trials. Common, uncommon, and rare side effects have not been reported in available studies. However, caution is advised when using Phellinus linteus with immunosuppressive drugs due to its potential immunomodulatory effects, which could counteract the intended effects of these medications. There are no established contraindications, but caution should be exercised in immunocompromised individuals or those on immunosuppressive therapy. Limited data are available regarding the use of Phellinus linteus in pregnant or breastfeeding women, and its use is not recommended in these populations without medical supervision.
Dosage
Typical dosages of Phellinus linteus extract used in studies range from 1 to 3 grams per day, although the exact bioactive content can vary depending on the preparation. Daily supplementation for at least 8 weeks has demonstrated immunological effects in clinical trials. Standardized extracts are preferred to ensure consistency in polysaccharide content. Due to the poor absorption of polysaccharides, the effects may be mediated via the gut immune system. While a maximum safe dose has not been definitively established, no toxicity has been reported at the studied doses. It is important to note that dosage recommendations can vary based on individual health status and the specific product being used.
FAQs
Is Phellinus linteus safe to take?
Phellinus linteus appears safe for most adults, with no significant adverse effects reported in clinical trials. However, caution is advised for individuals with compromised immune systems or those taking immunosuppressants.
How should I take Phellinus linteus?
Evidence supports daily oral supplementation for at least 8 weeks. Follow product-specific instructions, as concentrations vary. Standardized extracts are preferred for consistent dosing.
What are the expected results from taking Phellinus linteus?
Modest improvements in immune markers, such as NK cell activity, have been observed. Clinical benefits in healthy populations are uncertain, and more research is needed to confirm broader health outcomes.
Is Phellinus linteus a cure for cancer?
No, Phellinus linteus is not a proven cure for cancer. Evidence for anticancer effects is preliminary and based on case reports and in vitro studies. It should not replace conventional cancer treatments.
Research Sources
- https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/10/1888 – This review summarizes the immunomodulatory, anticancer, and antioxidant effects of Phellinus linteus, highlighting polysaccharides as key bioactive components. It provides a comprehensive overview of the mushroom's potential health benefits based on preclinical and limited clinical studies. The review suggests that Phellinus linteus could be a promising candidate for further research into its therapeutic applications.
- https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2022/08260/effects_of_phellinus_linteus_extract_on_immunity.52.aspx – This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (n=98) found that Phellinus linteus extract significantly increased NK cell activity (p < 0.05) compared to placebo after 8 weeks. The study suggests that Phellinus linteus may enhance immune function. No adverse effects on liver or renal function were observed, indicating that the extract is safe for consumption.
- https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/13/5102 – This review discusses the antitumor and immunomodulatory effects of Phellinus linteus, noting tumor regression in case reports. It highlights the potential of Phellinus linteus as an adjunctive therapy for cancer treatment. However, the review emphasizes the need for more large-scale clinical trials to validate these findings.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22993555/ – This study investigates the effects of Phellinus linteus on immune function and cancer cells. The research provides insights into the mushroom's potential to modulate the immune system and inhibit cancer cell growth. The findings suggest that Phellinus linteus could be a valuable natural compound for supporting immune health and fighting cancer.
