Phosphatidic Acid Complex
Also known as: Phosphatidic Acid, Phosphatidate
Overview
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a phospholipid that serves as a crucial intermediate in the biosynthesis of various phospholipids. It is naturally present in tissues and cells, where it plays an essential role in cellular signaling and membrane dynamics. PA is of interest in research for its potential roles in muscle protein synthesis, fetal growth, and vascular health, and is considered for use as an anabolic supplement during pregnancy. The compound is a critical activator of the mTORC1 signaling pathway, vital for cellular growth and proliferation. Current research on PA includes in vitro, animal studies, and limited human clinical trials, with evidence suggesting the need for more comprehensive studies to fully understand its effects and safety profile.
Benefits
Phosphatidic acid demonstrates several evidence-based benefits. It has been shown to activate the mTORC1 signaling pathway, potentially promoting muscle protein synthesis. However, human studies have yielded mixed outcomes, with some showing no significant effects on lean body mass or physical performance. In animal models, PA supplementation reversed fetal growth restriction and improved uterine artery function following alcohol exposure. Additionally, a PA and phosphatidylserine complex has shown promise in reducing symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in a controlled clinical trial. Pregnant individuals and those experiencing PMS might experience specific benefits, although the overall evidence varies in its strength and consistency.
How it works
Phosphatidic acid primarily activates the mTORC1 signaling pathway by competing with the mTORC1 inhibitor FK506 binding protein 38 (FKBP38) for mTOR binding. This mechanism effectively rescues mTORC1 signaling, critical for mediating cellular growth and proliferation. Moreover, PA modulates endothelial function through the phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), impacting vascular health. Although the absorption and bioavailability of PA are not extensively studied in humans, it is known to be generated endogenously and can also be administered exogenously in animal models.
Side effects
The safety profile of Phosphatidic Acid appears favorable, with limited evidence suggesting it is generally safe at recommended doses. In studies using PA and phosphatidylserine complexes, no significant adverse effects were reported. Common side effects are not well-documented, while less common and rare side effects have similarly shown no notable incidents. Drug interactions remain inadequately studied, but given PA's role in signaling pathways, there could be potential interactions with drugs that also target these pathways. No contraindications have been identified, but pregnant individuals should approach PA supplementation cautiously, as more research is needed to confirm its safety and efficacy in this context.
Dosage
Current research does not establish a minimum effective dose of Phosphatidic Acid in human studies; however, a dosage of 400 mg per day for PA and phosphatidylserine was used in a study focusing on PMS. Literature does not define a maximum safe dose for PA yet. There are no specific recommendations concerning the timing of administration or major absorption factors noted in studies. It may be taken as part of a phospholipid complex but lacks conclusive evidence on optimal delivery forms in humans.
FAQs
Is Phosphatidic Acid safe to use?
Current evidence suggests that PA is safe at studied doses, but further research is essential to fully understand its safety profile.
What is the best time to take Phosphatidic Acid?
There are no specific recommendations regarding the timing of Phosphatidic Acid administration.
What benefits can I expect from Phosphatidic Acid?
Potential benefits include support for muscle protein synthesis in some contexts and alleviation of PMS symptoms, though results can be variable.
Is Phosphatidic Acid an anabolic supplement?
While PA activates pathways that promote growth, evidence supporting its effectiveness as a definitive anabolic supplement in humans is currently mixed.
Research Sources
- https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/10/1409 – This study evaluates the impact of phosphatidic acid in reversing alcohol-induced fetal growth restriction and uterine artery dysfunction, showcasing that PA can modify key physiological responses in pregnant models, signaling potential therapeutic uses.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21737445/ – This in vitro study elucidates the mechanism of phosphatidic acid in activating mTORC1 signaling, emphasizing its competitive binding with FKBP38, providing insights into cellular growth regulation.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34706625/ – A scoping review assessing the effects of phosphatidic acid on performance and body composition, which highlights the variability in evidence surrounding its efficacy for these outcomes, advocating for further research.
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405457717302759 – This randomized, double-blind clinical trial explores the efficaciousness of a phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylserine complex in reducing PMS symptoms, demonstrated significant findings with structured methodology.
- https://haematologica.org/article/view/9276 – A comprehensive analysis emphasizing the safety and efficacy concerns surrounding various supplements, including phospholipids, underscoring the need for more rigorous human clinical studies.
