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Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Disodium Salt

Also known as: PQQ, Pyrroloquinoline Quinone, PQQ disodium salt, Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Disodium Salt

Overview

Pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium salt (PQQ) is a coenzyme with notable antioxidant properties, actively participating in redox-cycling systems within the body. It has garnered attention for its potential health benefits, particularly in enhancing cognitive function and promoting skin health. PQQ is found naturally in various foods and is also available as a dietary supplement. Research suggests that PQQ may improve cognitive functions such as memory and attention, and it may also have positive effects on skin health by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. The FDA has recognized PQQ disodium salt as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in food products, based on comprehensive safety evaluations.

Benefits

PQQ has shown potential benefits in cognitive function and skin health. Studies indicate that PQQ supplementation may improve cognitive functions such as memory, attention, and judgment. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial found that 21.5 mg/day of PQQ disodium salt for 12 weeks significantly improved cognitive performance. Research also suggests that PQQ may improve skin conditions by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. However, results on skin health have not been consistently significant across all parameters, indicating a need for further research.

How it works

PQQ functions primarily as a coenzyme with antioxidant properties, participating in redox-cycling systems. It helps to neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress, which can contribute to improved cognitive function and skin health. The exact mechanisms by which PQQ exerts its effects are still being investigated, but it is believed to influence mitochondrial function and cellular energy production. By supporting mitochondrial health, PQQ may enhance overall cellular function and resilience.

Side effects

PQQ disodium salt is generally considered safe, with no significant adverse effects reported in safety studies. The FDA has granted it GRAS status for use in food products, based on extensive safety evaluations, including assessments of mutagenicity, genotoxicity, and subchronic toxicity. However, as with any supplement, some individuals may experience mild side effects. Although rare, potential side effects could include gastrointestinal discomfort or allergic reactions. It is advisable to adhere to recommended dosages and consult with a healthcare professional before starting PQQ supplementation, especially for individuals with pre-existing health conditions or those taking other medications.

Dosage

The recommended dosage of PQQ disodium salt typically ranges from 10 to 20 mg per day. Some studies have used dosages up to 21.5 mg per day. It is often taken as a single dose in the morning or divided into multiple doses throughout the day. The optimal dosage may vary depending on individual factors and the specific health goals. It is important to follow the dosage instructions on the product label and consult with a healthcare professional to determine the appropriate dosage for individual needs. While PQQ is generally considered safe, exceeding the recommended dosage is not advised.

FAQs

What is PQQ?

PQQ, or Pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium salt, is a coenzyme with antioxidant properties. It is involved in redox-cycling systems and has been studied for its potential benefits in cognitive function and skin health.

What are the benefits of taking PQQ?

Research suggests that PQQ may improve cognitive functions such as memory and attention. It may also have positive effects on skin health by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, though more research is needed.

Is PQQ safe?

PQQ disodium salt is generally considered safe and has been granted GRAS status by the FDA for use in food products. Safety studies have not reported significant adverse effects.

How much PQQ should I take?

The recommended dosage of PQQ is typically between 10 to 20 mg per day. It is advisable to follow the dosage instructions on the product label and consult with a healthcare professional.

Can PQQ interact with other medications?

While PQQ is generally considered safe, it is always best to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement, especially if you are taking other medications or have pre-existing health conditions.

Research Sources

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jnsv/61/3/61_241/_pdf – This study investigated the effects of PQQ on skin health in mice and healthy female subjects. The results indicated some positive effects on skin conductance and thickness with oral intake of PQQ (20 mg/day for 8 weeks), although the findings were not consistently significant across all parameters. The research suggests potential benefits of PQQ for skin health, warranting further investigation.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34415830/ – This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial examined the impact of PQQ disodium salt on cognitive function in healthy subjects. The study found that supplementation with 21.5 mg/day of PQQ for 12 weeks significantly improved cognitive performance compared to the placebo group. These findings suggest that PQQ may have a beneficial effect on cognitive functions such as memory, attention, and judgment.
https://www.fda.gov/files/food/published/GRAS-Notice-000590--Pyrroloquinoline-quinone.pdf – This document confirms that PQQ disodium salt has been determined to be generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in various food products by the FDA. The determination is based on extensive safety evaluations, including assessments of mutagenicity, genotoxicity, and subchronic toxicity. The FDA's GRAS status supports the safety profile of PQQ disodium salt for its intended uses.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36807425/ – This study highlights the benefits of PQQ in improving brain function and cognition in older adults. The research suggests that PQQ supplementation may enhance cognitive performance and overall brain health in older populations. The findings support the potential of PQQ as a cognitive-enhancing agent for older adults.
https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/5058 – This document from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) provides a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of PQQ as a novel food ingredient. The assessment includes a review of available data on the potential health benefits and safety aspects of PQQ. The EFSA's opinion contributes to the regulatory framework for the use of PQQ in food products within the European Union.