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Silk Tree Extract

Also known as: Albizia julibrissin Durazz., Persian Silk Tree, Silk Tree, Constantinople Acacia, Constantinople Mimosa, Night Sleeper, Albizia julibrissin

Overview

Albizia julibrissin extract is derived primarily from the bark and flowers of the Persian Silk Tree, a plant native to East and South Asia. Traditionally, it has been utilized in herbal medicine for its purported antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and skin-rejuvenating properties. The extract is rich in bioactive compounds, including lignan glycosides and triterpenoid saponins, which are believed to be responsible for its diverse pharmacological effects. While several preclinical and some clinical studies support its traditional uses, particularly in dermatological and neuropsychiatric contexts, comprehensive systematic reviews and meta-analyses are currently limited. It is commonly found in botanical supplements and cosmetic formulations.

Benefits

Albizia julibrissin extract offers several evidence-based benefits. Its antidepressant effects are supported by preclinical and some clinical evidence, suggesting it modulates serotonin transporter (SERT) function through lignan glycosides like SAG and SBG, which noncompetitively inhibit SERT, potentially improving mood and reducing depressive symptoms. For skin health, the extract stimulates collagen production, enhancing elasticity and firmness, reducing fine lines and wrinkles. It also provides significant antioxidant protection against environmental stressors and exhibits anti-inflammatory and soothing effects, making it beneficial for sensitive or irritated skin. Furthermore, the extract protects skin from oxidative damage and glycation, processes known to accelerate skin aging. While some studies indicate potential anti-diabetic and neuroprotective effects, these require further rigorous clinical validation.

How it works

The mechanism of action for Albizia julibrissin extract varies depending on its application. In neuropsychiatric contexts, lignan glycosides within the extract, such as SAG and SBG, noncompetitively inhibit the serotonin transporter (SERT). This inhibition decreases the maximal transport velocity (Vmax) of serotonin reuptake without affecting substrate affinity (Km), leading to a conformational change that reduces serotonin reuptake, a distinct mechanism from many conventional antidepressants. Weak inhibition of dopamine and norepinephrine transporters has also been observed, which may contribute to mood effects. For dermatological benefits, the extract promotes collagen synthesis and exerts antioxidant effects by scavenging free radicals, thereby reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in skin cells. The bioactive compounds are water-soluble and absorbed, though detailed human pharmacokinetic data are limited.

Side effects

Overall, Albizia julibrissin extract appears to have a favorable safety profile when used topically or orally at recommended doses, with no major adverse effects frequently reported in clinical studies. Rare and mild side effects may include skin irritation when applied topically. While theoretical neuropsychiatric side effects related to dopamine transporter inhibition have been noted, these require further investigation to confirm their clinical relevance. Currently, no significant drug interactions or contraindications have been firmly established. However, caution is advised when combining Albizia julibrissin extract with other antidepressant medications due to the potential for additive serotonergic effects, which could theoretically increase the risk of serotonin syndrome. Individuals with pre-existing medical conditions or those taking other medications should consult a healthcare professional before use.

Dosage

Topical formulations of Albizia julibrissin extract typically utilize aqueous extracts at concentrations around 3% for skin benefits, applied once or twice daily. For oral use, particularly for antidepressant effects, standardized dosing guidelines are less established due to a lack of extensive clinical trials. Optimal oral dosages and treatment durations require further research. The timing and duration of use vary by application; visible skin benefits from topical application may require several weeks of consistent use, while antidepressant effects would depend on specific clinical protocols. There are no clearly defined upper limits or safety thresholds for oral intake, emphasizing the need for professional guidance.

FAQs

Is Albizia julibrissin extract effective for depression?

Preliminary clinical and preclinical evidence suggests antidepressant activity by modulating serotonin reuptake, but large-scale randomized controlled trials are still needed to confirm its efficacy.

Is it safe for sensitive skin?

Yes, the extract possesses soothing and anti-inflammatory properties, making it generally suitable for sensitive or irritated skin types.

How quickly does it work for skin benefits?

Visible improvements in skin elasticity, fine lines, and overall appearance from collagen stimulation and antioxidant effects typically require several weeks of consistent topical application.

Can it be combined with other antidepressants?

Caution is advised due to potential additive serotonergic effects. It is crucial to consult a healthcare provider before combining it with other antidepressant medications.

Research Sources

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10230641/ – This preclinical study by Huang et al. (2022) isolated lignan glycosides SAG and SBG from A. julibrissin. It demonstrated that these compounds noncompetitively inhibit the serotonin transporter (SERT) through a novel mechanism distinct from conventional antidepressants, suggesting a basis for its antidepressant effects. The study provides molecular insights but highlights the need for large human trials.
https://www.skinsense.co.uk/blogs/ingredient-focus/persian-silk-tree-extract – The SkinSense review (2023) summarizes clinical and cosmetic evidence for Persian Silk Tree Extract. It indicates that the extract stimulates collagen production, improves skin elasticity, and reduces wrinkles, attributing these benefits to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The review synthesizes findings from multiple small clinical studies and in vitro data.
https://us.typology.com/library/fiche-didentite-extrait-aqueux-darbre-a-soie – This Typology report (2023) details the phytochemical composition and various skin benefits of aqueous bark extract from Albizia julibrissin. It highlights the extract's antioxidant, anti-glycation, firming, and brightening effects, recommending its use at a 3% concentration for cosmetic applications. The evidence is primarily drawn from cosmetic science literature and small clinical trials.