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Tribulus Terrestris Aerial Parts Extract

Also known as: Puncture vine, Devil's thorn, Goat's head, Tribulus terrestris

Overview

Tribulus terrestris is a dicotyledonous herb belonging to the Zygophyllaceae family, found predominantly in Europe, Asia, and Africa. This plant has been traditionally utilized in herbal medicine for its proposed diuretic, tonic, and aphrodisiac effects. Typically, the aerial parts and fruits are harvested for extraction. Athletes and bodybuilders often consume this supplement in hopes of enhancing testosterone levels and improving sports performance. The plant contains active metabolites such as steroidal saponins and flavonoids, which are responsible for its bioactivity. Despite its historical use, current research on the efficacy of Tribulus terrestris is varied, with many studies indicating inconclusive results regarding its effects.

Benefits

Evidence suggests that Tribulus terrestris does not significantly increase testosterone levels in humans when administered alone. Some studies indicate that supplementation may lead to improved lipid profiles and moderate enhancements in inflammatory and hematological markers in physically active adults. In premenopausal women, this herb has been reported to enhance sexual function scores and potentially increase testosterone levels, albeit with low certainty. The overall effect sizes observed are generally small and often lack clinical significance, highlighting the need for further robust research to confirm these findings.

How it works

The mechanism of action of Tribulus terrestris is not fully unveiled. It is speculated to induce the release of nitric oxide, which may contribute to various physiological responses in the body independent of testosterone levels. The active compounds, primarily steroidal saponins and flavonoids, are expected to exert effects by interacting with multiple biological pathways, though specific molecular targets and precise interactions, especially with the endocrine system, remain poorly documented.

Side effects

Tribulus terrestris is generally considered safe at recommended dosages, with limited data on adverse effects. Most studies report no significant adverse events. Potential side effects include rare occurrences of abdominal cramps, though these are not frequently noted. There are no well-documented drug interactions; nonetheless, caution is advised when combining this supplement with other medications due to its potential physiological effects. Individuals with existing health issues should consult healthcare providers prior to use. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should also exercise caution, given the unclear safety profile associated with long-term use.

Dosage

The typical dosage range for Tribulus terrestris extract is between 500 mg and 1000 mg daily, with the optimal effective dose not well established. While no strict maximum dose is defined, it is advisable to avoid prolonged use beyond 6-8 weeks without interceding breaks. It is generally suggested to take this supplement on an empty stomach, and available forms include capsules and powders. Variability in absorption may occur depending on formulation and individual circumstances, though specific absorption factors are not thoroughly documented.

FAQs

Is Tribulus terrestris safe to use?

Generally, Tribulus terrestris is considered safe, but the long-term effects and potential interactions with medications are not well studied.

When should I take Tribulus terrestris?

Optimal timing is not established, but it is commonly advised to take it on an empty stomach for better absorption.

What results can I expect from using Tribulus terrestris?

Users should not anticipate significant boosts in testosterone levels or dramatic athletic performance improvements based on current evidence.

Are there any misconceptions about Tribulus terrestris?

A prevalent misconception is that Tribulus terrestris significantly boosts testosterone levels, which is unsupported by robust evidence.

Research Sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24559105/ – This systematic review analyzed 11 studies, revealing no significant increase in testosterone levels in humans when using Tribulus terrestris alone. Limited animal studies indicated possible increases in serum testosterone.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35954909/ – Reviewing 7 studies, this paper highlighted significant improvements in lipid profiles among physically active males but noted no positive effects on muscle damage or hormonal behavior.
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/17/9/1208 – Investigating female sexual dysfunction, this review found significant increases in sexual function scores among premenopausal women taking Tribulus terrestris, though the evidence quality is low and should be interpreted cautiously.
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/3969 – This review discusses the potential health benefits of supplements, including Tribulus terrestris, while emphasizing the need for more thorough research due to high variability in existing study outcomes.
https://www.scielo.br/j/rbgo/a/j9q637hwJbhZDWPb8syg83w/ – This systematic assessment focused on the effectiveness of herbal supplements, including Tribulus terrestris, revealing inconclusive evidence regarding its health benefits, particularly related to testosterone enhancement.