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Elder Flower Extract

Also known as: Elderflower, Elderberry, Sambucus nigra

Overview

Elderflower is derived from the flowers of the *Sambucus nigra* plant, a shrub native to Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia. It is rich in flavonoids, phenolic acids, and other bioactive compounds, contributing to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulating properties. Traditionally, elderflower has been used to alleviate symptoms of colds, flu, and other respiratory infections. The key characteristics of elderflower include its high polyphenol content, particularly anthocyanins and procyanidins, which are responsible for its health-promoting effects. Elderflower is available in various forms, including teas, capsules, and liquid extracts. Research on elderflower is considered to be at a moderate level, with several clinical trials and systematic reviews supporting its efficacy. While the available evidence is generally good, more extensive studies are needed to fully establish its benefits for various applications.

Benefits

Elderflower extract exhibits antiviral and immune-modulating effects, reducing the duration and severity of influenza and other viral infections. A systematic review indicated a significant reduction in flu symptom duration in patients treated with elderberry extract compared to placebo (mean difference: -3.8 days, 95% CI: -5.2 to -2.4 days). Elderflower also possesses strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, with phenolic compounds inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production in macrophages and dendritic cells, suggesting therapeutic potential for inflammatory diseases. Some studies suggest potential cardiovascular benefits from elderflower polyphenols, though more research is needed. Preliminary evidence also indicates potential neuroprotective effects. The immune-modulating effects may be particularly beneficial for elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Benefits from antiviral and immune-modulating effects can be observed within a few days to a week after treatment initiation.

How it works

Elderflower extract exerts its antiviral activity by inhibiting viral replication and reducing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Its antioxidant activity stems from polyphenols, such as anthocyanins and procyanidins, which scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress. The anti-inflammatory effects are achieved through the inhibition of nitric oxide production and modulation of the complement system. Elderflower modulates the immune system by reducing inflammation and enhancing antiviral defenses. It may also benefit the cardiovascular system by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. At the molecular level, phenolic compounds inhibit NO production in macrophages and dendritic cells, while anthocyanins and procyanidins exhibit strong complement-fixing activity. The bioavailability of elderflower polyphenols is generally good.

Side effects

Elderflower is generally considered safe when used as directed. Common side effects, occurring in more than 5% of users, include gastrointestinal upset, such as nausea and diarrhea, though these are relatively rare. Uncommon side effects (1-5%) include allergic reactions. Rare side effects (less than 1%) include severe allergic reactions and anaphylaxis, though these are rarely reported. Elderflower may interact with immunosuppressive drugs and diabetes medications due to its immune-modulating and potential hypoglycemic effects. It is contraindicated in pregnancy and breastfeeding due to limited data, and caution is advised for individuals with autoimmune diseases, as it may exacerbate these conditions. Limited data exists for children, so caution is advised. Elderly individuals are generally considered safe, but monitoring for interactions with other medications is recommended.

Dosage

The minimum effective dose of elderflower extract is typically 500-1000 mg per day of a standardized extract. Optimal dosage ranges are between 1000-2000 mg per day, though this can vary based on the specific preparation and intended use. There is no established maximum safe dose, but doses above 2000 mg per day are not well-studied. For antiviral effects, it is often recommended to start taking elderflower extract at the onset of symptoms. Elderflower is commonly available in capsules, tablets, or teas. The extraction method and solvent used can affect the bioactive content. Bioavailability can be enhanced with certain solvents like ethanol or methanol, which are commonly used in extraction processes. A balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals may enhance the overall efficacy.

FAQs

Is elderflower safe to use?

Elderflower is generally safe, but it should be used under the guidance of a healthcare provider, especially for individuals with autoimmune diseases or those taking immunosuppressive medications.

When should I take elderflower for antiviral effects?

For antiviral effects, it is best to start taking elderflower extract at the onset of symptoms to help manage symptoms and reduce the duration of illness.

What are the expected results from taking elderflower?

Users may experience a reduction in the duration and severity of viral infections, improved antioxidant status, and potential anti-inflammatory effects.

Is elderflower a cure for viral infections?

No, elderflower is not a cure for viral infections but can help manage symptoms and reduce the duration of illness. It supports the immune system.

Research Sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24409980/ – This study investigates the antiviral properties of elderberry extract against influenza viruses. The research demonstrates that elderberry extract can inhibit viral entry and replication, reducing the severity and duration of flu symptoms. The findings support the use of elderberry as a natural remedy for influenza.
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/5/2365 – This study examines the bioactive compounds and extraction methods of elderflower. The research highlights that the extraction method and solvent used significantly affect the bioactive content of elderflower extracts. Ethanol and methanol are effective solvents for extracting polyphenols and other bioactive compounds, which contribute to its health benefits.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259696401_An_Evidence-Based_Systematic_Review_of_Elderberry_and_Elderflower_Sambucus_nigra_by_the_Natural_Standard_Research_Collaboration – This systematic review consolidates data from multiple clinical trials and studies on elderberry and elderflower extracts. The review concludes that these extracts are effective in reducing the duration and severity of influenza and other viral infections. They also exhibit strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, supporting their use as a natural remedy.