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Goldenrod Glycerite Liquid Extract

Also known as: European goldenrod, goldenrod, Solidago virgaurea

Overview

Solidago virgaurea, commonly known as European goldenrod, is a perennial herb traditionally used in European medicine for its diuretic, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties. Goldenrod glycerite liquid extract is a preparation that utilizes glycerin as a solvent, preserving water-soluble and some alcohol-soluble phytochemicals. This form is often preferred for ease of dosing and its milder extraction process compared to alcohol tinctures. Key active compounds include flavonoids (e.g., quercetin, kaempferol derivatives), saponins (virgaureasaponins), terpenes, and phenolic acids. While numerous in vitro and animal studies support its traditional uses, high-quality human clinical trials, particularly for glycerite extracts, are limited, and no specific systematic reviews or meta-analyses were identified.

Benefits

Goldenrod is recognized by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) as a potential adjunctive treatment for minor urinary tract conditions, including overactive bladder and urinary tract infections (UTIs). A large clinical study (n=512) reported that 96% of participants with chronic overactive bladder experienced symptom improvement with 425 mg dry goldenrod extract thrice daily, though detailed study design and duration information are limited. Its diuretic properties may increase urine flow, aiding in flushing bacteria and supporting kidney health. In vitro and animal studies demonstrate antimicrobial activity, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria, and antioxidative potential, contributing to its anti-inflammatory effects. Essential oils from goldenrod, containing compounds like spathulenol and germacrene D, are linked to its antimicrobial properties. Traditional use for wound healing is also reported, with some ethnomedicinal support for topical application. Preliminary evidence suggests other potential effects such as analgesic, spasmolytic, antihypertensive, and antidiabetic activities, but these require further clinical validation.

How it works

The diuretic effect of goldenrod is primarily attributed to its flavonoid and saponin content, which influence renal function and electrolyte balance, leading to increased urine output. Its antimicrobial activity is thought to be mediated by essential oil components, such as oxygenated sesquiterpenes, which can disrupt microbial membranes. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects stem from flavonoids and phenolic compounds that modulate oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways within the body. While glycerite extracts generally facilitate the absorption of water-soluble constituents, specific pharmacokinetic data detailing the absorption and bioavailability of goldenrod glycerite are currently lacking.

Side effects

Goldenrod is generally considered safe for short-term oral use, but comprehensive safety data are limited. The most common side effects include possible allergic reactions, particularly in individuals sensitive to plants in the Asteraceae family, such as ragweed or daisies. Uncommon side effects may include a potential worsening of high blood pressure due to sodium retention. Rare instances of allergic skin reactions have been reported with topical application. Goldenrod may interact with medications, potentially potentiating the effects of diuretics, which could increase the risk of dehydration or hypotension. It is contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to insufficient safety data, and should be avoided by individuals with a latex allergy due to potential cross-reactivity. Caution is advised for hypertensive patients and those currently taking diuretics.

Dosage

While a clinical study used 425 mg of dry goldenrod extract three times daily for urinary symptoms, there is no standardized dosing specifically for goldenrod glycerite liquid extract. Dosing for glycerite forms is typically adjusted to be equivalent to the dry extract content. The optimal dose and duration of use remain unclear due to a lack of randomized controlled trials specifically on the glycerite form. It is often recommended to take goldenrod with water to support its diuretic effect and ensure adequate hydration. Glycerite extracts are generally believed to facilitate the absorption of water-soluble constituents, and no specific cofactors are known to be required for its absorption. Upper limits and safety thresholds for goldenrod glycerite have not been definitively established.

FAQs

Is goldenrod glycerite effective alone for UTIs?

No, goldenrod may offer supportive benefits but should not be used as a sole treatment or replacement for antibiotics in treating urinary tract infections.

How soon can benefits be expected?

Clinical data do not specify a precise time to effect; while symptom improvement has been reported in studies, the onset of benefits is not clearly defined.

Is it safe long-term?

Safety data for long-term use of goldenrod are insufficient. Short-term use appears to be safe for most adults, but prolonged use lacks robust evidence.

Can it cause allergies?

Yes, goldenrod can cause allergic reactions, especially in individuals who are sensitive to ragweed or other plants belonging to the Asteraceae family.

Research Sources

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11359786/ – This experimental study investigated microwave-assisted extraction methods for goldenrod, finding that these methods increased the yield of antimicrobial and antioxidative compounds. The study demonstrated stronger antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, providing insights into the phytochemical properties but lacking human data.
https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/goldenrod – This source summarizes information on goldenrod, including a clinical study (details limited) involving 512 patients with chronic overactive bladder. The study reported that 96% of participants experienced symptom improvement with 425 mg of dry extract taken three times daily, though specific study design details are sparse and it lacks peer-reviewed confirmation.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7761148/ – This review article provides a comprehensive summary of goldenrod's ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. It highlights the need for more clinical trials to validate its traditional applications, primarily drawing from non-clinical data and emphasizing the gaps in human clinical evidence.
http://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-84/goldenrod – This source offers a summary of goldenrod's safety profile and potential drug interactions. It notes possible allergies, interactions with diuretics, and general safety cautions, serving as a moderate source for safety overview rather than primary research.