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Mulberry

Also known as: Mulberry leaf, ML, Mulberry leaf extract, MLE, Mulberry fruit extract, MFE, White Mulberry, Morus nigra, Black Mulberry, Morus alba

Overview

Mulberry supplements are derived from the leaves or fruits of the *Morus* genus, primarily *Morus alba* (White Mulberry) and *Morus nigra* (Black Mulberry). These supplements are rich in phytochemicals like flavonoids, phenolics, and polysaccharides. They are primarily used for their potential effects on blood glucose regulation, lipid metabolism, and cardiovascular health. Mulberry contains compounds like 1-deoxynojirimycin, which may inhibit carbohydrate digestion and absorption. Research on mulberry supplements is growing, with several systematic reviews and meta-analyses available. The evidence is generally of moderate quality, with some studies showing significant effects on glycemic control and cardiometabolic risk factors. Mulberry leaf extract (MLE) and mulberry fruit extract (MFE) are the most common forms.

Benefits

Mulberry leaf extract (MLE) has demonstrated potential in reducing fasting blood glucose (FBG) by approximately -0.47 mmol/L and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by -2.92 mmol/mol, according to meta-analyses. These effects are more pronounced in individuals with baseline fasting plasma glucose >6.1 mmol/L and with supplementation lasting ≥8 weeks. Mulberry consumption may also favorably affect cardiometabolic risk factors, such as blood pressure and inflammation markers like C-reactive protein (CRP). Additionally, mulberry fruit extract (MFE) can reduce postprandial glucose and insulin responses, offering benefits for managing blood sugar spikes after meals. The evidence supporting these benefits is generally of moderate quality.

How it works

Mulberry's active compounds, such as 1-deoxynojirimycin, inhibit carbohydrate digestion and absorption by acting as α-glucosidase inhibitors. This action reduces the breakdown of complex carbohydrates into glucose, leading to a slower and lower rise in blood sugar levels after meals. Mulberry also enhances insulin sensitivity, improving glucose uptake by cells. By affecting glucose metabolism and lipid profiles, mulberry potentially influences cardiovascular health. The bioavailability of mulberry compounds can vary based on the form of supplementation, such as leaf versus fruit extract.

Side effects

Mulberry supplements are generally considered safe when consumed in moderation. Common side effects are not well-documented in the literature, but some individuals may experience gastrointestinal discomfort. Potential drug interactions exist with diabetes medications due to mulberry's glucose-lowering effects, necessitating caution for individuals with diabetes or those taking medications that affect blood sugar levels. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult healthcare providers before use. Due to the potential for significant blood sugar reduction, it is crucial to monitor glucose levels closely when taking mulberry supplements, especially in conjunction with other glucose-lowering agents.

Dosage

While a minimum effective dose is not well-established, mulberry leaf extract is typically used in doses ranging from a few hundred milligrams to grams per day. It is best taken with meals to potentially reduce postprandial glucose spikes. Leaf extracts are more studied for glycemic control, while fruit extracts are explored for postprandial effects. The maximum safe dose is not clearly defined, so caution is advised at high doses. Bioavailability may be influenced by the form of supplementation and individual digestive health. Individuals with diabetes should use mulberry supplements under the guidance of a healthcare provider.

FAQs

Is mulberry safe for individuals with diabetes?

Mulberry can interact with diabetes medications, potentially causing hypoglycemia. Use with caution and under medical supervision, monitoring blood glucose levels closely.

When is the best time to take mulberry supplements?

Mulberry supplements are best taken with meals to help reduce postprandial glucose spikes. This timing can optimize its effects on carbohydrate digestion and absorption.

What are the expected benefits of taking mulberry?

Users may experience a reduction in blood glucose levels and improvement in cardiometabolic risk factors. However, it is not a replacement for standard diabetes treatment.

Can mulberry replace my diabetes medication?

No, mulberry is not a replacement for standard diabetes treatment but may be a complementary approach. Consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your medication.

Research Sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36644880/ – This systematic review and meta-analysis, including 615 participants across 12 clinical trials, found that mulberry leaf/extract supplementation significantly reduced FBG, HbA1c, and fasting plasma insulin. The duration of supplementation varied, with long-term supplementation showing greater effects, although there was heterogeneity between studies, resulting in moderate quality evidence.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36509962/ – This systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that mulberry consumption favorably affects cardiometabolic risk factors in adults from randomized controlled trials. While the duration of the studies varied, the review highlighted the potential benefits of mulberry on cardiovascular health, although it noted limited data on certain outcomes, resulting in moderate quality evidence.
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/14/2177 – This randomized controlled trial demonstrated that mulberry fruit extract reduced postprandial glucose and insulin responses in both healthy individuals and those with type 2 diabetes. The study's acute design and small sample size limit the generalizability of the findings, but it provides high-quality evidence for the short-term effects of mulberry fruit extract on glucose metabolism.
https://tnsroindia.org.in/JOURNAL/issue85/ISSUE%2085%20-%20AUG%202024%20-%20FULL%20TEXT%20PART%2003.pdf – This research paper discusses the impact of mulberry leaf extract on type 2 diabetes. It highlights the potential of mulberry leaf extract in managing blood sugar levels and improving overall metabolic health in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Impact-of-mulberry-leaf-extract-on-type-2-diabetes-Riche-Riche/43b5f7f7d1df86d2b5faae77d2836a44abfcdca7 – This paper examines the impact of mulberry leaf extract on type 2 diabetes. It explores the mechanisms through which mulberry leaf extract can help regulate blood sugar levels and improve insulin sensitivity in individuals with type 2 diabetes.