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Biovin Grape Proanthocyanidin Extract

Also known as: Grape seed extract, GSE, Proanthocyanidins, OPCs, Biovin Grape Proanthocyanidin Extract, Grape Proanthocyanidin Extract

Overview

Grape Proanthocyanidin Extract, commonly known as Grape Seed Extract (GSE), is a dietary supplement derived from the seeds of grapes (Vitis vinifera). It is rich in polyphenols, particularly oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs), which are polymerized forms of (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin. GSE is primarily used for its antioxidant properties and potential health benefits, including supporting cardiovascular health and reducing inflammation. Research suggests that the OPCs in GSE exhibit significant antioxidant activity and bioavailability, especially dimers to pentamers of (epi)catechin. While research on GSE is moderately mature, variability in extract composition and study methodologies contributes to heterogeneity in study outcomes. The available evidence is generally of good quality, supported by multiple systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Benefits

GSE supplementation has demonstrated several potential health benefits. Notably, it can significantly reduce diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR), with a meta-analysis reporting a weighted mean difference of -2.20 mmHg for DBP (95% CI: -3.79 to -0.60) and -1.25 bpm for HR (95% CI: -2.32 to -0.19). This suggests potential benefits for individuals with or at risk of cardiovascular disease. Additionally, GSE may alleviate symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), such as tired or heavy legs and pain. Its strong antioxidant properties also contribute to overall health benefits, although specific clinical outcomes are less defined in this area. The effect sizes for DBP and HR reductions are clinically significant, indicating potential benefits for cardiovascular health.

How it works

GSE primarily functions through its antioxidant properties and the ability of OPCs to interact with various biological pathways. These pathways include vascular endothelium-dependent relaxation and potential inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme. By improving vascular function and reducing blood pressure, OPCs in GSE can positively affect the cardiovascular system. While the exact molecular targets are not fully understood, OPCs are known to influence cellular processes, such as cell cycle arrest in cancer cells and modulation of inflammatory pathways. The bioavailability of OPCs from GSE is moderate, with dimers to pentamers of (epi)catechin being more readily absorbed than larger polymers.

Side effects

GSE is generally considered safe when consumed in recommended doses, but long-term safety data is limited. Common side effects are not well-documented, but GSE is typically well-tolerated. Uncommon and rare side effects have not been consistently reported. However, potential interactions with blood thinners and other cardiovascular medications exist due to its effects on blood pressure and vascular function. Caution is advised for individuals with bleeding disorders or those taking anticoagulant medications. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult healthcare providers before using GSE due to the lack of specific safety data in these populations. It is important to consider these potential risks despite the overall favorable safety profile.

Dosage

Typical doses of GSE range from 100 to 300 mg per day of OPCs. Optimal doses vary depending on the specific health outcome being targeted; for cardiovascular benefits, doses within the 100 to 300 mg per day range have shown efficacy. There is no established maximum safe dose, but doses above 300 mg per day are less commonly studied. Consistent daily dosing is typical, but no specific timing recommendations are available. GSE can be consumed in various forms, including capsules, tablets, or as part of a dietary supplement blend. The bioavailability may vary depending on the formulation, with dimers to pentamers of (epi)catechin exhibiting improved absorption compared to larger polymers. No specific cofactors are required for the absorption or efficacy of GSE.

FAQs

Is GSE safe to take?

GSE is generally safe, but individuals with specific health conditions or taking certain medications should consult healthcare providers before use.

When is the best time to take GSE?

Consistent daily dosing is recommended, but there is no specific timing that has been shown to be more effective than others.

What benefits can I expect from taking GSE?

Potential benefits include reduced diastolic blood pressure and heart rate, improved vascular function, and antioxidant effects.

Is GSE a cure for cardiovascular diseases?

No, GSE is not a cure-all but may be a useful adjunct to other treatments for cardiovascular health.

Research Sources

https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/280320/1/grapemeta.pdf – This systematic review and meta-analysis of 19 trials found that GSE supplementation significantly reduced diastolic blood pressure and heart rate in adults. However, it had no significant effects on flow-mediated dilation and systolic blood pressure. The study highlights the potential cardiovascular benefits of GSE but notes high heterogeneity among studies due to variations in dose and duration.
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/chemistry/articles/10.3389/fchem.2018.00334/full – This analytical study provides a comprehensive characterization of the constituents of GSE, emphasizing the importance of OPC content and the potential for adulteration. It highlights the need for standardized analytical methods to ensure the quality and authenticity of GSE products. The study focuses on analytical methods rather than clinical outcomes.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34798267/ – This study investigates the effects of grape polyphenols on human leukemia cell lines. The meta-analysis of 17 studies found that grape polyphenols, including those from GSE, have antiproliferative effects, though the effect is dependent on the type of polyphenol and cell line. The study provides evidence for the potential anti-cancer properties of GSE components in vitro.
https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/24/4164 – This research provides a comprehensive overview of the health benefits of grape pomace extract, which includes proanthocyanidins. It highlights the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective effects of the extract, supporting its potential use as a functional food ingredient. The review emphasizes the importance of sustainable utilization of grape pomace for health applications.
https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/472.html – This MedlinePlus entry provides general information about grape seed extract, including its uses, effectiveness, side effects, and interactions. It serves as a reliable source for basic information on GSE, noting its potential benefits for conditions like chronic venous insufficiency and high cholesterol, but also cautioning about potential interactions with blood-thinning medications.