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Iron Amino Acid Chelate

Also known as: Iron amino acid chelate, Ferrous bisglycinate, Iron Amino Acid Chelate

Overview

Iron amino acid chelates are synthetic compounds composed of iron bound to amino acids, which enhances their bioavailability compared to traditional inorganic iron supplements. These compounds are primarily used to prevent and treat iron deficiency anemia, particularly in populations with increased iron requirements, such as pregnant women and children. They are not naturally occurring substances but are manufactured to improve iron absorption and reduce gastrointestinal side effects commonly associated with iron supplementation. Research on iron amino acid chelates is at a moderate stage, with clinical trials suggesting significant benefits in specific populations, although the quality of the evidence varies. Most studies indicate better tolerance and effectiveness compared to other iron formulations, positioning iron amino acid chelates as a preferred choice in clinical settings.

Benefits

Iron amino acid chelates, particularly ferrous bisglycinate, have demonstrated several key benefits in clinical studies. Notably, they have been shown to result in increased hemoglobin levels, with a substantial standardized mean difference (SMD) of 0.54 g/dL in pregnant women, making them effective for treating iron deficiency anemia. Additionally, these compounds are associated with significantly reduced gastrointestinal adverse events, evidenced by an incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 0.36, indicating a lower frequency of side effects compared to other forms of iron supplementation. While improvements in ferritin levels have been observed, the evidence for this effect is less consistently significant. Pregnant women appear to gain the most benefit, with less conclusive results in children. Clinical relevance is noted with effects typically manifesting within weeks to months of starting supplementation.

How it works

Iron amino acid chelates improve iron absorption by forming stable complexes that resist degradation in the gastrointestinal tract, facilitating more efficient uptake into the bloodstream. The chelation process protects iron from common absorption inhibitors like phytates and phosphates. This enhanced bioavailability allows the iron to effectively interact with the digestive system for superior absorption and supports the hematological system by promoting increased hemoglobin production.

Side effects

Iron amino acid chelates are generally well-tolerated with a favorable safety profile compared to conventional iron supplements. Common side effects, primarily gastrointestinal disturbances, occur in less than 5% of users and are less frequent than with other iron forms. Uncommon side effects may include mild allergic reactions, while severe allergic reactions are rare, occurring in less than 1% of cases. These supplements may interact with medications that affect iron absorption, such as antacids, and are contraindicated in individuals with conditions like hemochromatosis that predispose them to iron overload. Caution is advised for pregnant women and children, underscoring the importance of careful dosing within this population.

Dosage

The minimum effective dose for iron amino acid chelates typically starts at around 12.5 mg of iron per day. Optimal dosing usually ranges from 12.5 mg to 50 mg daily, tailored to the severity of iron deficiency and individual patient needs. While the maximum safe dose is not firmly established, it is prudent to avoid excessive intake beyond the recommended dietary allowance to prevent adverse effects. For optimal absorption, it is recommended to take these supplements on an empty stomach, although they can be consumed with food to mitigate gastrointestinal discomfort. Specific formulations, like ferrous bisglycinate, are often preferred due to better tolerance. Additionally, Vitamin C can enhance absorption, while dietary components such as phytates may inhibit it.

FAQs

When is the best time to take iron amino acid chelate?

Iron amino acid chelate is best taken on an empty stomach to enhance absorption, but it can be taken with food if gastrointestinal discomfort occurs.

How long will it take to see results?

Improvements in hemoglobin and ferritin levels are typically noted within a few weeks to months of supplementation.

Is iron amino acid chelate suitable for all types of anemia?

Iron amino acid chelate specifically addresses iron deficiency anemia and is not a treatment for all forms of anemia.

Research Sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36728680/ – This systematic review assessed 17 randomized controlled trials involving pregnant women and children, finding that ferrous bisglycinate significantly increased hemoglobin levels while reducing gastrointestinal side effects. Limitations included variability in study designs, but findings supported its efficacy in specific populations.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24652170/ – In a randomized clinical trial among 56 preschoolers with iron deficiency, ferrous bisglycinate was shown to increase ferritin levels more effectively than ferrous sulfate, with negligible differences in adverse reactions. While the methodology was sound, the small sample size limited results.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ejhf.514 – This review discusses the enhanced absorption capabilities of iron amino acid chelates compared to inorganic forms. It provides a foundational understanding of the biochemical mechanisms behind improved iron bioavailability, although it is largely theoretical.