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Nicotinamide Riboside Hydrogen Malate

Also known as: NRHM, Nicotinamide Riboside Hydrogen Malate, Nicotinamide Riboside, NR

Overview

Nicotinamide Riboside Hydrogen Malate (NRHM) is a synthetic derivative of Nicotinamide Riboside (NR), a form of vitamin B3 and a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). NAD+ is a crucial coenzyme involved in numerous cellular processes, including energy metabolism, DNA repair, and cell signaling. NRHM is designed to enhance the bioavailability and stability of NR. It is being explored for its potential to support energy metabolism, improve mitochondrial function, and promote healthy aging. While NR is found naturally in small amounts in milk and other foods, NRHM is synthetically produced. Research on NRHM is still emerging, with limited human studies specifically evaluating its effects. Most of the current understanding is extrapolated from studies on NR.

Benefits

The benefits of NRHM are primarily inferred from studies on its parent compound, Nicotinamide Riboside (NR). NR has demonstrated the ability to increase NAD+ levels in human muscle tissue, which may improve metabolic function. This is particularly relevant for aged individuals, where NAD+ levels tend to decline. Some studies suggest NR supplementation may reduce inflammation and improve brain function, although the evidence is not conclusive. The specific effect sizes and clinical significance of NRHM require further investigation through dedicated human trials. The onset and duration of these potential benefits are also not well-defined for NRHM.

How it works

NRHM functions as a precursor to NAD+, a critical coenzyme involved in numerous cellular processes. Once ingested, NRHM is converted into NR, which is then utilized in the NAD+ biosynthesis pathway. By increasing NAD+ levels, NRHM influences energy metabolism and mitochondrial function. NAD+ plays a vital role in redox reactions, facilitating the transfer of electrons in metabolic pathways. It also affects skeletal muscle and potentially the brain by supporting cellular energy production and reducing oxidative stress. The primary molecular target is the NAD+ biosynthesis pathway, where NR is converted into NAD+ through a series of enzymatic reactions.

Side effects

The safety profile of NRHM is still under investigation, with limited data available specifically for this derivative. Preclinical studies suggest that NRHM is well-tolerated and not genotoxic. However, comprehensive human trials are needed to fully assess its safety. Common, uncommon, and rare side effects are not well-documented for NRHM. Potential drug interactions are also not well-studied. As a precaution, individuals with pre-existing medical conditions, pregnant or breastfeeding women, and those taking medications should consult with a healthcare provider before using NRHM. While no specific contraindications have been established, caution is advised due to the limited data.

Dosage

The effective dosage of NRHM has not been definitively established due to the lack of specific human studies. Recommendations are often extrapolated from studies on Nicotinamide Riboside (NR), where dosages typically range from 250 mg to 1 g per day. Optimal dosing ranges and maximum safe doses for NRHM are currently undefined. Consistency in timing is generally recommended, although the specific timing of administration may not be critical. NRHM may offer improved solubility compared to other NR forms, potentially affecting absorption. There are no established cofactors required for NRHM supplementation. Due to the limited research, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare provider before starting NRHM supplementation.

FAQs

Is NRHM safe to use?

Preclinical data suggests NRHM is well-tolerated, but human trials are needed for a full safety assessment. Consult a healthcare provider before use, especially if you have pre-existing conditions or are pregnant/breastfeeding.

How should I take NRHM?

Consistent daily dosing is recommended, but optimal timing is not established. The effective dose for NRHM is not yet defined, so consult with a healthcare provider for personalized guidance.

What are the expected benefits of NRHM?

Potential benefits include improved energy metabolism and reduced inflammation, based on NR studies. However, NRHM is not extensively studied, so benefits should not be overestimated.

Are there any risks associated with NRHM?

Due to limited human data, potential risks are not fully known. Consult a healthcare provider to discuss potential interactions with medications or pre-existing conditions.

What is the difference between NR and NRHM?

NRHM is a derivative of NR designed to enhance bioavailability and stability. While both are NAD+ precursors, NRHM's specific effects and optimal usage are still under investigation.

Research Sources

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8125264/ – This review discusses the therapeutic potential of NAD+ and its precursors, including nicotinamide riboside (NR), in various diseases. It highlights the role of NAD+ in cellular metabolism and its decline with age, suggesting that NAD+ supplementation could have beneficial effects on age-related conditions. The review emphasizes the need for further research to fully understand the efficacy and safety of NAD+ precursors.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6702140/ – This study investigates the effects of nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation on muscle NAD+ levels and physical performance in aged men. The results showed that NR supplementation increased muscle NAD+ levels and improved some measures of physical performance. The study suggests that NR may have potential benefits for improving muscle function in older adults.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/23978473221108881 – This article presents a preclinical safety assessment of nicotinamide riboside hydrogen malate (NRHM), demonstrating that it is not genotoxic and is well-tolerated in animal models. The study provides evidence supporting the safety of NRHM for further development and human trials. The findings suggest that NRHM has a favorable safety profile based on preclinical data.
https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1560/nicotinamide-riboside – This WebMD page provides general information about nicotinamide riboside, including its uses, potential benefits, and safety considerations. It notes that NR is used for anti-aging, improving athletic performance, and managing certain health conditions. The page advises consulting with a healthcare professional before using NR supplements.
https://www.verywellhealth.com/the-benefits-of-nicotinamide-riboside-7866970 – This Verywell Health article discusses the potential benefits of nicotinamide riboside, such as supporting heart health, improving cognitive function, and boosting energy levels. It also mentions potential side effects and interactions. The article emphasizes that more research is needed to confirm these benefits and determine the optimal dosage.