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Plum Fruit Extract

Also known as: Prunus domestica Extract, Prunus salicina Extract, Prunus americana Extract, Plum Fruit Extract, Plum Extract

Overview

Plum fruit extract is a dietary supplement derived from plums (*Prunus domestica*, *Prunus salicina*, *Prunus americana*), known for their rich content of bioactive compounds like polyphenols, flavonoids, and fiber. It is primarily used to support cardiovascular health and digestive function due to its antioxidant and fiber properties. Research suggests that plum supplementation may positively influence lipid profiles, particularly LDL cholesterol levels. The extract is available in various forms, including dried plum products and concentrated extracts. While generally considered safe, it's essential to be aware of potential gastrointestinal side effects and rare allergic reactions. The quality of evidence supporting its benefits is moderate, with several systematic reviews and meta-analyses available, indicating a promising but not fully established role in health management.

Benefits

Plum supplementation has demonstrated potential benefits, primarily in reducing serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels. Meta-analyses indicate a significant reduction in LDL levels, with one study reporting an approximate decrease of -12.50 mg/dL (95% CI: -22.06, -2.94, p = .010). These effects are more pronounced in individuals with unhealthy lipid profiles and those consuming dried plum products for extended periods (over eight weeks). Some studies also suggest potential benefits on blood pressure and inflammation, although the evidence is less robust. The observed reduction in LDL cholesterol is clinically significant, potentially contributing to improved cardiovascular health. However, more research is needed to fully understand the extent and consistency of these benefits across diverse populations.

How it works

Plum extract's mechanism of action is attributed to its bioactive compounds, which interact with lipid metabolism pathways, potentially influencing cholesterol synthesis and absorption. The polyphenols present in plum extract may target enzymes involved in cholesterol production. Primarily, it affects the cardiovascular system by modulating lipid profiles. The bioavailability of these compounds can vary depending on the form of consumption and individual digestive health. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the specific molecular targets and pathways involved in plum extract's beneficial effects.

Side effects

Plum fruit extract is generally considered safe when consumed in typical dietary amounts. However, some individuals may experience gastrointestinal discomfort, such as bloating or gas. Allergic reactions are rare but possible, particularly in individuals with known allergies to stone fruits. Potential drug interactions may occur with medications affecting blood lipid levels or blood pressure, so caution is advised for individuals taking such medications. There are no well-documented contraindications, but individuals with allergies to stone fruits should exercise caution. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult with their healthcare providers before using plum supplements. High doses may increase the risk of gastrointestinal side effects.

Dosage

While a minimum effective dose is not definitively established, typical supplementation ranges from 100 to 500 mg per day. The optimal dosage varies based on the specific form of plum extract and individual health goals. A maximum safe dose is not well-defined, but high doses may increase the risk of gastrointestinal side effects. It is best taken with meals to enhance absorption. Dried plum or plum extract may be more effective than fresh plum due to higher bioactive compound concentration. Bioavailability may be influenced by digestive health and the presence of other nutrients. No specific cofactors are required for its efficacy.

FAQs

Is plum extract safe?

Plum extract is generally safe but may cause gastrointestinal discomfort in some individuals. Allergic reactions are rare but possible, especially for those with stone fruit allergies.

When is the best time to take plum extract?

It is best taken with meals to minimize potential side effects and enhance absorption of its bioactive compounds.

How long does it take to see results?

Potential benefits on lipid profiles may be observed after several weeks of consistent supplementation. Individual results may vary.

Can plum extract replace medical treatment?

No, plum extract is not a substitute for medical treatment but may be used as a complementary dietary supplement to support overall health.

What are the expected benefits of taking plum extract?

Plum extract may help in reducing total and LDL cholesterol levels, potentially contributing to cardiovascular health. Some studies also suggest benefits on blood pressure and inflammation.

Research Sources

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9869099/ – This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of plum supplementation on various health outcomes. The study found that plum supplementation significantly reduces total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels, particularly in unhealthy subjects. However, the authors noted high heterogeneity between studies, indicating variability in study designs and populations.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36513468/ – This systematic review and meta-analysis explored the potential benefits of plum supplementation on blood pressure and inflammation. The study suggested that plum supplementation may have potential benefits on blood pressure and inflammation, though the evidence was less robust compared to its effects on cholesterol. The authors cited limited data on these specific outcomes as a limitation.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/fsn3.4000 – This analysis focused on the effects of plum products consumption on LDL cholesterol levels. The study found that plum consumption significantly lowers LDL levels compared to controls. The authors noted that the analysis was limited to LDL cholesterol effects, providing a specific but narrow focus.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/87559129.2024.2442666?src= – This study investigates the impact of dried plum consumption on bone health and cardiovascular risk factors. The research suggests that daily consumption of dried plums may improve bone mineral density and reduce certain cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women. The findings highlight the potential of dried plums as a functional food for promoting overall health.